Galium mollugo

Galium verum L. (Lady s bedstraw. Yellow galium) Galium mollugo L. 

F Galium verum L. G Galium Mollugo L. H Oldenlandia um-bellata L. 

Inoue, K., Y. Shiobara, H. Nayeshiro, H. Inouye, G. Wilson, and M. H. Zenk, Biosynthesis of anthraquinones and related compounds in Galium mollugo cell suspension cultures. Phytochemistry, 23, 307-311 (1984). 

WILSON, M.H. ZENK. 1979. Site of prenylation in anthraquinone biosynthesis in cell suspension of Galium mollugo. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 957-959. 

WILSON, M.H. ZENK. 1984. Biosynthesis of anthraquinones and related compounds in Galium mollugo cell suspension cultures. Phytochemistry 23 307-311. 

Enzymic synthesis of -succinylbenzoyl-CoA in cell-free extracts of anthraquinone producing Galium mollugo L. cell suspension cultures. Plant Cell Rep. 1 180-182. 

Gardenosidic acid (32) C16H22O, 390.12 COOH 66-68 (Me ester hexaacetate) -70.7 (MeOH) Galium mollugo (Rubiaceae) [62,63], Xeromphis nilotica (Rubiaceae) [64]... 

Uesato S, Ueda M, Inouye H, Kuwajima H, Yarsuzuka M, Takaishi K (1984) Iridoids from Galium mollugo. Phytochemistry 23 2535-2537... 

Bauch, H.-J., and E. Leistner Aromatic Metabolites in Cell Suspension Cultures of Galium mollugo L. Planta Med. 33,105 (1978). 

Wilson, G., and P. Marron Growth and Anthraquinone Biosynthesis by Galium mollugo L. Cells in Batch and Chemostat Culture. J. Exp. Botany 29, 837 (1978). 

Found in madder root Rubia tinctorum) as the glycoside, Ruberythric acid. Also found in R. iberica, R. cordifolia and in tissue cultures of Galium mollugo, Morinda citrifolia. Cinchona ledgeriana and C. pubescens. Bonds with calcifying tissues and has been used in studies of bone formation. Used in photometric detn. of B, Al, Ge, F , SO acid-base indicator (pH range 5.8-7.2 and 11.0-13.0). Orange or red needles or prisms (EtOH or by subl.). V. spar. sol. H2O. Mp 288-289°. Bp 430°. pi i 7.45 pK 2 11-80. Sublimes. 

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