Furnaces structure

Within the furnace section is the furnace structural system (which includes all necessary supporting steelwork, the refractory, and insulation) and the combustion system (which includes fuel and air delivery systems, burners, and ash handling components). The combustion system largely determines the basic boiler configuration. 

These and other improvements have resulted largely from a better understanding of the combustion process. The homogeneity of the gas mixture being burned has been improved by better design of acid gas (H2S, CO2) injection nozzles and, in some instances the introduction of internal furnace structures (checkered walls) to assist in mixing of the air and acid gas feeds. 

Temperatures above -1350 K tend to damage the furnace structure. 

More detailed information on furnace structures and materials is contained in chapter 9, figure 1.18, and reference 26. 

The furnace structure for the dry oxidation process is simple and straightforward. Usually, high-purity oxygen gas is used to oxidize sihcon. Nitrogen gas in the oxidation system is used as... 

Figure 1. Overview of some cooled smelting furnace structures, a) Elkem Multi-Purpose Furnace , b) electrode seal, and c) slag flow controller [4]. Cooled structures include freeze-lined sidewalls, electrode clamps and collar, feed chutes, tap hole and slag flow controller.

Draft gauge plugged CO2 in flue gas Fouled convective section Leaks in furnace skin Stuck stack damper Damage to furnace structure Smoke leaks out of convective section... 

In the development of the steam-reforming route to ammonia, for many years there has been a desire to eliminate the steam-reforming furnace for reasons of capital cost, efficiency, and reliability. This technology has now been demonstrated on a commercial scale by ICI with the LCA process. With this process the plant is simplified by the use of a Gas Heated Reformer (GHR) in which the primary reformer receives heat directly from the process gas leaving the secondary reformer. This compact pressurized reformer eliminates the massive furnace structure and the high-pressure steam system of a conventional plant. A pressure swing adsorption... 

This paper explains the principle of OSBS technology and gave its typical application. The paper also reviews the history of OSBS technology from four respects the quantity, the furnace structure, the process flow and the application area. Its potential research direction and industrial... 

In normal use, structural concrete is not exposed to temperatures above approximately 50 °C. In special structures, however, the exposure temperature may be considerably higher this is for example the case in certain industrial plants such as concrete floors below furnaces, structures in retort houses and foundries as well as in certain chimneys and flues. In these cases, the concrete is exposed to high temperatures for a long time,... 

Insulating firebricks remain a choice for construction and repair when castable or fiber products may not be preferred. IFBs constitute the working lining of many furnace structures. Construction is usually convenient since most IFBs can be cut with a hacksaw. Caution should be used in selecting IFBs when abrasion resistance or impact resistance is required. 

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