Furnaces classifications

CLASSIFICATIONS OF FURNACES 1.2.1. Furnace Classification by Heat Source... 

Furnace Classification by Batch (Chap. 3) or Continuous (Chap. 4), and by Method of Handling Material into, Through, and out of the Furnace... 

Furnace Classification by Direct-Fired or Indirect-Fired... 

The Subpart O standards apply to units that treat or destroy hazardous waste and which meet the definition of an incinerator. An incinerator is any enclosed device that uses controlled flame combustion and does not meet the criteria for classification as a boiler, sludge dryer, carbon regeneration unit, or industrial furnace. Typical incinerators1 2 3 include rotary kilns, liquid injectors, fixed hearth units, and fluidized bed incinerators (Table 23.1). The definition of an incinerator also includes units that meet the definition of an infrared incinerator or plasma arc incinerator. An infrared incinerator is any enclosed device that uses electric-powered resistance as a source of heat and which is not listed as an industrial furnace. A plasma arc incinerator is any enclosed device that uses a high-intensity electrical discharge as a source of heat and which is not listed as an industrial furnace. 

Electric furnaces, 12 286-318 76 144, 145. See also Electric arc furnace (EAF) Fuel-fired furnaces applications for, 12 315-316 arc furnaces, 12 297-306 classification of, 12 286 economic aspects of, 12 313-314 health and safety factors related to, 12 314 induction furnaces, 12 307-313 in phosphorus manufacture, 19 8-11 resistance furnaces, 12 287-297 for secondary slags, 14 759-760 Electric furnace steelmaking processes,... 

Fuel crossover, 72 214 Fuel economy, 72 388-389, 414 diesel engine, 72 420 Fuel efficiency, in furnaces, 72 332-333 Fuel-fired furnaces, 72 318-336 analysis of, 72 332-333 classification of, 72 320-321 development of, 72 319-320 industrial furnaces, 72 327-330 power-plant furnaces, 72 323-327 Fuel gas... 

The industry responsible for the largest amount of WMPCs produced in 2001 was the alkalies and chlorine industry (SIC code 2812). (The Standard Industrial Classification [SIC] code is a system for categorizing all types of industries that operate in the United States.) The next four industries, in terms of WMPCs produced in 2001, were blast furnaces and steel mills (SIC code 3312), primary nonferrous metals (SIC code 3339), industrial inorganic chemicals (SIC code 2819), and storage batteries (SIC code 3691). Lead is an important by-product in all of these operations, accounting for the very large... 

A classification system has been developed to describe various fuel oil types. For example 1 fuel oil is similar to kerosene, 2 fuel oil is similar to diesel fuel, and 4 fuel oil is viscous oil at room temperature and is typically used to fuel industrial furnaces. The 5 and 6 fuel oil classifications describe viscous oils which must be heated before burning. These oils are used as bunker fuels in ships and industrial power plants. 

Figure 14.16—Elements determined by AAS or FES. Most elements can be determined by atomic-absorption or flame emission using one of the available atomisation modes (burner, graphite furnace or hydride formation). Sensitivity varies enormously from one element to another. The representation above shows the elements in their periodic classification in order to show the wide use of these methods. Some of the lighter elements, C, N, O, F, etc. in the figure can be determined using a high temperature thermal source a plasma torch, in association with a spcctropholometric device (ICP-AbS) or a mass spectrometer (1CP-MS).

Based on the example analysis for electric arc furnace waste, the use of different assumptions about exposure scenarios or allowable doses of chemicals that induce deterministic effects could result in a difference in the resulting classification of the waste. This example thus illustrates the importance of judgment in classifying waste. 

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