Fungicide benomyl

The widely used insecticide carbaryl (FD50=270 mg/kg) transforms in oxidizing processes into 5-oxynaphthyl-N-methylcarbamate, a substance that is as toxic as carbaryl itself (FD50=297 mg/kg) [30, 33]. One of the metabolites of the fungicide benomyl, the methyl ester carbamino acid (BMK, carbendazim), is also toxic to fungi [33]. 

Fungicides Benomyl Hexachlorobenzene Mancozeb Mefiram-complex Tributyltin Zineb Ziram... 

Helweg, A. Microbial breakdown of the fungicide benomyl. Soil Biol StocAern, 4 377-378, 1972. 

Peterson, C.A. and Edgington, E.V. Ouantitative estimation of the fungicide benomyl using a bioautograph technique, J. Agric. Food Chem., 17(4) 898-899, 1969. 

Matsushita T, Aoyama K. 1981. Cross reactions between some pesticides and the fungicide benomyl in contact allergy. Industrial Health 19(2) 77-83. 

All benzimidazole fungicides (benomyl, carbendazim, fuberidazole, thiabendazole) and thiophanate fungicides are cross-resistant. However, the reeently diseovered fungicide, zoxamide, which also inhibits the B-tubulin assembly, is not cross-resistant in oomycetes... 

Figure 5.10 Fungicides. Benlate contains the carbamate fungicide benomyl. Kocide 101 contains copper hydroxide, which is an inorganic copper containing fungicide.

Most of the early systemic fungicides (benomyl) showed translocation through the xylem. However, pyrimidine systemic fungicides e.g., ethirimol and dimethirimol, appear to move through the phloem. 

Mull RL and Hershberger LW (2001) Inhibitors of DNA biosynthesis-mitosis Benimidizoles - the benzimidazole fungicides benomyl and carbendazim. In Krieger R (ed.) Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology, 2nd edn., pp. 1673-1699. San Diego, CA Academic Press. 

In a study using a human neuroblastoma cell line, mixtures of three different organophosphates (azinphos-methyl, diazanon, and dimethoate), and mixtures of an organic phosphate (pirimiphos-methyl) and a benzim-idizole fungicide (benomyl) showed greater toxicity toward protein synthesis than the individual pesticides. I21 The authors of the study concluded that it is not feasible to predict the toxicities of pesticide mixtures on the basis of the toxicities of the single components. 

Larsen AI, Larsen A, Jepsen JR, Jorgensen R (1990) Contact allergy to the fungicide benomyl Contact Dermatitis 22 278-281... 

The urea fungicide Benomyl is prepared with n-butyl isocyanate starting from the... 

Garcia-Reyes, J.F., Ortega-Barrales, P., and Molina-Diaz, A., Development of a single fluorescence-based optosensor for rapid simultaneous determination of fungicides benomyl and thiabendazole in waters and commercial formulations, /. Agric. Food Chem., 52, 2197,2004. 

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