Fungal infections histoplasmosis

Two of the most common endemic fungal infections (histoplasmosis and North American blastomycosis) are found in... 

It is indicated in mucosal candidiasis, systemic candidiasis, crypttococcosis, prophylaxis of fungal infections following cytotoxic chemotherapy or radiotherapy maintenance to prevent relapse of cryptococcal meningitis in patients with AIDS sporotrichosis, histoplasmosis and vaginal candidiasis. 

Indications Treatment of the following systemic fungal infections Candidiasis Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis Oral thrush Candiduria Blastomycosis Coccidioidomycosis Histoplasmosis Chromomycosis Paracoccidioidomycosis... 

Clinical Use. Ketoconazole (Nizoral) is used to treat a variety of superficial and deep fungal infections.9,35,72 This drug can be administered orally to treat pulmonary and systemic infections in candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, and several other types of deep fungal infections. Oral administration is... 

Parenteral amphotericin B is indicated for the trcatmeot of severe, potentially life-threatening fungal infections, including dis.seminated forms of coccidioidomycosis and histoplasmosis. sporotrichosis. North American blastomycosb, cryptococcosis, mucormycosis, and aspergillosis. 

Tuberculosis, histoplasmosis, sarcoidosis, fungal infections, and cytomegalovii us Neoplastic infiltration... 

Fungal infections have emerged as a major cause of death among cancer patients and transplant recipients. In addition, patients with acquired immune-deficiency syndrome (AIDS) experience substantially more frequent and severe forms of cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, and mucocutaneous (esophageal, oral, and vulvovaginal) candidiasis. 

Itraconazole is a triazole antifungal agent that inhibits the C-demethylation step in the synthesis of ergosterol, which is a vital component of fungal cell membranes. Injection used in treatment of aspergillosis, blastomycosis, histoplasmosis, and the empiric treatment of febrile neutropenic patients with suspected fungal infections. Capsules used in treatment of asper-gillosis, blastomycosis, histoplasmosis, and... 

Opportunistic infections can be encountered with chronic steroid use. This risk includes routine bacterial infections (53) as well as T-cell-mediated infections such as tuberculosis (54). Deep-seated fungal infections, such as histoplasmosis... 

Histoplasmosis—Serious fungal infections (mycosis) can result from inhaling high concentrations of fungal spores from bat or bird droppings. Old mine workings and caves may present a health risk to... 

Bacterial Infection 190 Mycobacterial Infection 191 Fungal Infections 191 Pneumocystis Jiroveci (Formerly Pneumocystis Carinii) 191 Aspergillosis 192 Mucormycosis 194 Cryptococcal Pneumonia 194 Histoplasmosis 195 Candidiasis 195 Viral Infection 195 Community Respiratory Viruses 195 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) 196... 

Fungal (histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, Blastomyces dermatitidis infection)... 

Therapy for coccidioidomycosis is difficult, and the results are unpredictable. Guidelines are available for treatment of this disease however, optimal treatment for many forms of this disease still generates debate. The efficacy of antifungal therapy for coccidioidomycosis is often less certain than that for other fungal etiologies, such as blastomycosis, histoplasmosis, or cryptococcus, even when in vitro susceptibilities and the sites of infections are similar. The refractoriness of coccidioidomycosis may relate to the ability of C. immitis spherules to release hundreds of endospores, maximally challenging host defensesFortunately, only approximately 5% of infected patients require therapy. ... 

Systemic fungal diseases (e.g. histoplasmosis and blastomycosis) are uncommon but, if untreated, often fatal. They usually take the form of lung infections or meningitis. The best treatment is still the polyene antibiotic, amphotericin B 5.14) whose mode of action is described in Section 5.4.1 (p. 192). It is usually administered intravenously. Flucytosine 4.23) is an excellent synergist (Section 4.0, p. 131), seldom given alone. Intravenous miconazole 6.23) provides alternative therapy, but there are frequent adverse reactions. An orally active analogue, ketoconazole ( Nizoral ) was introduced in 1981, and looks promising. 

Some rare, but often fatal, systemic fungal diseases, such as histoplasmosis and North American blastomycosis yield to injections of amphotericin B (5.7, p. 166), but its selectivity is only moderate (for mode of action, see Section 14.2). A related substance, nystatin, is used for superficial candiasis and for those infections of the gut with Candida albicans that sometimes follow tetracycline therapy. 

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