Functional parents

Retained names of carboxylic acids may also be modified to name amides, nitriles and aldehydes, by changing the -ic acid ending to -amide, -onitrile or -aldehyde. Names such as formaldehyde, acetonitrile and propionamide result. Of these, only acetonitrile may be treated as a functional parent hydride. 

A) Names of functional parent hydrides, usable with unlimited or limited substitution, as indicated... 

The general trend in substitutive nomenclature is to use fewer trivial or retained names and to approach substitutive nomenclature more systematically. A total of 209 trivial names are to be retained 81 for parent hydrides and 58 (those in Chapter 4, Section 4.5.7, p. 91) for functional parent hydrides. These are so well anchored in nomenclature that they will probably survive for a great many years. Finally, 70 trivial names, such as isobutane and neopentane, are still allowed to be specific for non-substituted compounds. Presumably some of these will be discarded during later revisions of the Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry. 

Alkoxy compounds are commonly called ethers. In current CAS nomenclature they are named as derivatives of functional parent compounds, hydrocarbons, etc., by use of oxy radicals. 

For a number of inorganic acids, used as functional parents in organic nomenclature, the parent names used are now consistently allowed in the present recommendations, although fully systematic additive names are also given in all cases in Chapter IR-8. Examples are phosphinous acid, bromic acid and peroxydisulfuric acid. (Some of these names were absent from Ref. 11.)... 

This instability is a characteristic that these compounds share with their functional parent, carbonic acid ... 

Once candidate parent chains have been identified, the algorithm ranks the selected candidate structural units (ring(s) and functional parent(s), if any, have already been identified in the previous phases) according to the relevant nomenclature principles. If more than one candidate structural unit of the same rank competes for selection as a parent, the following sequence of principles, in the order given, is applied until a decision is reached ... 

In order to find fragments of names, the field Heading Parent (HP) is the adequate field. As explained in Sect. 2.1.3, Chemical Abstracts Service indexes the names with its own rules. The Chemical Substance Index lists them according to their functional parent compound. This makes a query in the HP field a query for a parent compound. Its result will consist of a complete group of compounds, containing this parent compound, regardless of their substituents (Fig. 87). 

FAST uses a nonexperimental, pretest-posttest evaluation design that focuses on initial outcomes and protective factors. The factors assessed by fast are child behavior, family functioning, parent-school involvement, and families experience of the program and its impact. Families complete a series of questionnaires before the start and at the end of the program. Teachers complete the child behavior questionnaire at both time points. 

Brief Demonstration of the General Nomenclature Rules for the Most Important Traditional Compound Classes (Functional Parents)... 

Conjunctive nomenclature is particularly suitable for systems multiply substituted with identical functional parents but is generally used by Chem. Abstr. for any type of saturated linear monocarboxylic acid bearing a ring as substituent group. 

If two identical functional parent structures are linked by an oxygen atom the nomenclature for assemblies of identical units is used as a rule. 

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