Parent hydrides functional groups

A given organic molecule is generally composed of a carbon skeleton and functional groups. A name matches a structure when the name of the parent hydride corresponds to the skeleton, while prefixes and sufiixes represent the functional groups and other structural characteristics, such as geometry. 

Constructing a substitutive name generally involves the replacement of hydrogen atoms in a parent structure with other atoms or atom groups. Related operations, often considered to be part of substitutive nomenclature, are skeletal replacement (Section IR-6.2.4.1) and functional replacement in oxoacid parents (Section IR-8.6). Note that some operations in parent hydride-based nomenclature are not substitutive operations (e.g. formation of cations and anions by addition of H+ and H, respectively, cf. Sections IR-6.4.1 and IR-6.4.5). Names formed by the modifications of parent hydride names described in those sections are still considered part of substitutive nomenclature. 

Acetylation of delectine yielded an jV,0-diacetyldelectine (160). Basic hydrolysis of delectine gave a parent amino alcohol (161) and anthranilic acid. Treatment of alkamine (161) with methyl iodide and sodium hydride afforded derivative 162, which was identical with 0,0-dimethyllycoc-tonine. Soviet chemists also reported the isolation of 0,O-dimethylly-coctonine (162) from the same plant. The complete assignments of all functional groups and their stereochemistry were made on the basis of comparisons of H NMR and mass spectral data with those of other lycoc-tonine-type alkaloids. 

The most often used method is to start with a functional group in a defined position that is easily lost upon ionization. Halogen atoms are mostly used for the production of heptyl ions, the iodides are particularly useful since the intensity of the molecular ion is weak, the heptyl parent ion is relatively abundant and the ions with iodine or fragments thereof contribute to less than 1% of the total ion current They can be considered a clean source of heptyl (or any alkyl) ions. Another possibility are ion/molecule reactions occurring in chemical ionization, either by adding a proton to an olefin, by hydride (or another anion) abstraction with, e.g., Et, or by proton transfer, e.g., by to an... 

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