Copolymers functional

Functionalization. Copolymers do not have the abiHty to exchange ions. Such properties are imparted by chemically bonding acidic or basic functional groups to the aromatic rings of styrenic copolymers, or by modifying the carboxyl groups of the acryHc copolymers. There does not appear to be a continuous functionalization process on a commercial scale. 

Chain compositional heterogeneity is of particular relevance to functional copolymers which find widespread use in the coalings and adhesives industries.13,240,246 In these applications, the functional copolymer and a crosslinking agent are applied together and are cured to form a network polymer. The functional copolymers are based on functional monomers with reactive groups (e.g. OH), it is desirable that all copolymer molecules have a functionality of at least two. Nonfunctional polymer will not be incorporated and could plasticize the network or be exuded from the polymer. Monofunctional polymers are not involved in crosslink formation and will produce dangling ends. 

The reaction scheme for RAFT copolymerization is relatively complex (Scheme 9.49) when considered alongside that for NMP or ATRP (Scheme 9.48). A summary of RAF T copolymerizations is provided in fable 9.22. An advantage of RAFT over other methods is its greater compatibility with monomers containing protic functionality though as yet few have taken advantage of this in the synthesis of functional copolymers. 

Compared with the aromatic electrophilic substitution approach, the SNAr approach general requires higher reaction temperatures. The polymers generally have well-defined structures. Therefore, it is more facile to control the structures of die products. In addition, it is more tolerable to some reactive functional groups, which makes it possible to synthesize reactive-group end-capped prepolymers and functional copolymers using functional monomers. 

Functionalized copolymers from dienes and p-alkylstyrenes can serve as dispersants and viscosity index improvers. The functionalities are introduced via the aromatic units [233,234]. The polymers are selectively hydrogenated to produce polymers that have highly controlled amounts of unsaturation, permitting a highly selective functionalization. The dispersant substances may also include a carrier fluid to provide concentrates of the dispersant. 

Fig. 8 Model of the grafting of functional copolymers with PEO for reactions carried out at two different temperatures in water a before grafting, b after grafting, c at room temperature [170]...

The final step in this sequence is the coupling of a suitable chiral group to the silicone. In reaction scheme 3 the attachment of an amino acid amide residue is given as an example. The carboxy functional copolymer is dissolved in dichlormethane/dimethylformamide and an amino aid -amide is coupled with dicyclohexyl... 

Rzaev ZM, Dinner S, Pi kin E (2007) Functional copolymers of N-isopropylacrylamide for bioengineering applications. Prog Polym Sci 32 534-595... 

Macromonomers provide an easy access to a large number of functional copolymers and controlled topologies, such as comb-like, star-like, bottle brush, and graft copolymers. These types exhibit exceptional solution or solid state properties compared to their linear homologues. 

Compatibilizer ABS copolymers have been prepared via an emulsion polymerization process. These copolymers have been functionalized with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). The functionalized copolymers are blended PBT. Characterization by thermal mechanical analysis indicates that PBT is partially miscible with ABS and the glycidyl grafted ABS (48). 

Vinyl azlactone can be also copolymerized with acrylic monomers to give functionalized polymers. The azlactone-functional copolymers, P-, can be reacted with amine-, thiol-, and hydroxyl-functional molecules (Heilmann et ai, 1984) ... 

In a series of publications [18-20], the concept of conformation-dependent sequence design (CDSD) of functional copolymers has been introduced (for recent reviews, see [21-25]). The essence of the proposed approach is based on the assumption that a copolymer obtained under certain preparation conditions is able to remember features of the original ( parent ) conformation in which it was built and to store the corresponding information in the resulting chemical sequence. In other words, this concept takes into account... 

Alkenyl Ethoxysilanes for the Synthesis of Silylester Functionalized Copolymers and Surface Modification... 

As bifunctional compounds, alkenyl ethoxysilanes can be used for the synthesis of silylester functionalized copolymers and for the modification of surfaces. With these products covalently fixed polymer films on surfaces can be produced, which are important for the construction of sensors and in coating technologies. 

Silylester functionalized copolymers were synthesized by free radical polymerization of vinyl acetate with alkenyl ethoxysilanes in various molar ratios using AIBN (azo-bis-isobutyronitrile) as initiator. Eq. 1 shows the course of the reaction. 

The alkenyl ethoxysilane monomers and silylester functionalized copolymers were used for the silanization of hydroxyl groups on silicate surfaces, thus producing silylester modified silicates or covalently fixed polymer films as demonstrated in Eq. 2 and Fig. 1. 

Chung, T.C. Lu, H.L. Alpha-Olefin/Para-Alkylstyrene Copolymers and Functionalized Copolymers Thereof. U.S. Patent 5,543,484, Aug 6, 1996. 

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