Fumaria capreolata

Magnoflorine Coptis japonica Corydalis incisa Eschscholzia califomica Fumaria capreolata Papaver bracteatum Papaver somniferum Thalictrum minus... 

Argemone grandiflora (Papaveraceae) phy 11,461 72 Argemone mexicana (Papaveraceae) cccc 40,1576 75 Argemone ochroleuca (Papaveraceae) cccc 38,2307 73 Corydalis koidzumiana (Papaveraceae) yz 94, 844 74 Corydalis spp. (Papaveraceae) phy 13,2620 74 Fumaria bella (Papaveraceae) jnp 49,178 86 Fumaria capreolata (Papaveraceae) jnp 49,178 86 Fumaria parviflora (Papaveraceae) jnp 44, 475 81 Fumaria vaillantii (Papaveraceae) phy 22,2073 83 Papaver commutatum (Papaveraceae) pm 62, 483 96... 

Coptis japonica (Ranunculaceae) jnp 47,189 84 Coptis cjuinquefolia (Ranunculaceae) sz 46,42 92 Coptis trifolia (Ranunculaceae) phy 31, 717 92 Corydalis humosa (Papaveraceae) jcpu 20,261 89 Corydalis ochotensis (Papaveraceae) jcspt 1,63 76 Corydalis ophiocarpa (Papaveraceae) yz 98,1658 78 Fumaria capreolata (Papaveraceae) per 4,96 85 Fumaria indica (Papaveraceae) phy 15,545 76 Menispermum canadense (Menispermaceae) 11yd 34,292 71 Nandina domestica (Berberidaceae) phy 27,2143 88 Thalictrum glandulosissimum (Ranunculaceae) pm 53,498 87... 

Fumaria capreolata (Papaveraceae) per 4,96 85 Glaucium oxylobum (Papaveraceae) enc 20,244 84 Gyrocarpus americanus (Hernandiaceae) jnp 49,101 86 Litsea acuminata (Lauraceae) cpj 46,299 94 Nectandra salidfolia (Lauraceae) jnp 59,576 96 Retanilla ephedra (Rhamnaceae) rlq 5,158 74 Stephania excentrica (Menispermaceae) zh 27,586 96 Thalidrum longistylum (Ranunculaceae) jnp 62,1410 99... 

Reports have appeared on t.l.c. methods of detection of benzophenanthridine alkaloids in Bocconia frutescens, Macleaya microcarpa, and M. cordata and in Fumaria capreolata. A colorimetric method of determining the alkaloids in B. cordata has been described. ... 

P. nudicaule Papaver somniferum Fumaria capreolata Eschscholtzia californica... 

Sanguinarine and related alkaloids were detected in a series of Papaver-aceae plants (see Table XXV) (418). In the 11 species studied the alkaloid contents of callus cultures were very similar, and the redifferentiated plantlets had more characteristic alkaloid patterns. Further plants reported to produce sanguinarine among other compounds are Corydalis ophiocarpa (479) and Fumaria capreolata (483). None of these plants, however, has been further studied in connection with large-scale production of sanguinarine, probably because in most cases complex mixtures of alkaloids are formed. 

Maiza-Benabdesselam, F., Khentache, S., Bougoffa, K., Chibane, M., Adach, S., Chapeleur, Y., Max, H., Laurain-Mattar, D. (2007). Antioxidant activities of alkaloid extracts of two Algerian species of Fumaria Fumaria capreolata and Fumaria bastardii. 

In general, quaternary benzylisoquinoline alkaloids cannot pass through membranes (Zenk, 1988). (5)-Reticuline (2) and (5)-scoulerine (17) are transported into vacuoles of Fumaria capreolata. This transport involves an active ATP-requiring, stereospecific carrier system that transports only the (5)-enantiomers and not the (R)-enantiomers (Zenk et al., 1985). 

Corydalis ophiocarpa Fumaria capreolata Isoquinoline alkaloids Callus... 

At the subcellular level, the morphine biosynthetic pathway combines several cytochrome P-450 enzymes, bound to ER membranes (Chou and Kutchan, 1998) with soluble enzymes that reside in ER derived vesicles, e.g. norcoclaurine synthase, or in the cytosol, e.g. codeinone reductase (Zenk, 1994 Facchini and St-Pierre, 2005). The diverse localization of the biosynthetic enzymes requires several transport steps of the intermediates between cytosol, vesicles and vacuoles. Only one of them has been characterized by pioneering experiments (Deus-Neumann and Zenk, 1986) vacuolar vesicles prepared from Fumaria capreolata accumulate (S)-reticulin or (S)-scoulerin via highly specific transporters, that discriminate between (S)- and (R) stereoisomer and exclude other benzylisoquinolines (sanguinarine, protopine, morphine) and alkaloids of unrelated families (e.g. indoles or tropanes). Uptake is energized by the pH gradient across the tonoplast. Accumulated... 

Fumaria capreolata (Tanahashi et al. unpublished) Corydalis incisa, Corydalis pallida, Dicentra peregrina, Eschscholtzia califomica, Papaver somniferum, P. seti-gerum, P. bracteatum, P. orientate, P. rhoeas (Ikuta et al. 1974)... 

Most remarkable is the callus culture of Stephania cepharantha (Menispermaceae). Not only is it able to produce oxoaporphine alkaloids (Akasu et al. 1975) and bisben-zylisoquinolines (Akasu et al. 1976) but also two aristololactams which are only found in traces in the differentiated plants and are discussed as a hint for a possible systematic crosslink from the Menispermaceae to the Aristolochiaceae (Akasu et al. 1974). A further good example of the structure variability that can be produced by one culture is Fumaria capreolata (Fumariaceae) cultivated in our laboratory. Many structural types from a simple isoquinoline to a rather complicated structure like... 

Fig. 1. Alkaloids isolated from a Fumaria capreolata (Fumariaceae) cell suspension culture...

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