Multi-shell fullerenes

In this paper, we analyze the methods of synthesizing multi-shell fullerene structures and try to gather some information about their formation mechanism. We also discuss some particularities of the energetics of onion-like graphitic particles. The understanding of the parameters involved would allow the development of efficient production procedures. 

The multi-shell fullerenes constitute the transition from fullerenes to macroscopic graphite. They present both the closed graphitic surface of fullerenes and the stacked layers interacting by van der Waals forces, as in graphite. 

We hope that macroscopic samples of quasi-spherical onion-like particles will soon become available, and then we will be able to characterize these systems in detail. Probably a new generation of carbon materi-aks can be generated by the three-dimensional packing of quasi-spherical multi-shell fullerenes. 

The sonication of an aqueous solution of TICI3 under a flow of argon led to a precipitate, composed of two products. The major product is TI2OCI2, while TI2O is obtained in small quantities. The latter has the structure of a multi-shell closed compound. The identification of the inorganic fullerenes in the TEM picture as the thallium (I) oxide is based on SAED measurements. In Eigure 6.5 we present a picture of the ortion-like IE. 

The remarkable stability of onion-like particles[15] suggests that single-shell graphitic molecules (giant fullerenes) containing thousands of atoms are unstable and would collapse to form multi-layer particles in this way the system is stabilized by the energy gain from the van der Waals interaction between shells [15,26,27],... 

Chan et al [52] 2011 Utilizing DonneU shell equilibrium equation and also Euler-Ber-nouUi beam equation incorporating curvature effect Various chairality — — Investigating pre and post-buckling behavior of MWCNTs and multi-walled carbon nano peapods considering vdW interactions between the adjacent walls of the CNTs and the interactions between the fullerenes and the inner wall of the nanotube... 

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