Fullerenes carbon cluster

The field of fullerene chemistry expanded in an unexpected direction in 1991 when Sumio lijima of the NEC Fundamental Research Laboratories in Japan discovered fibrous carbon clusters in one of his fullerene preparations This led within a short time to substances of the type portrayed in Figure 11 7 called single-walled nanotubes The best way to think about this material IS as a stretched fullerene Take a molecule of Ceo cut it in half and place a cylindrical tube of fused six membered carbon rings between the two halves... 

Thus far the importance of carbon cluster chemistry has been in the discovery of new knowl edge Many scientists feel that the earliest industrial applications of the fullerenes will be based on their novel electrical properties Buckminsterfullerene is an insulator but has a high electron affinity and is a superconductor in its reduced form Nanotubes have aroused a great deal of interest for their electrical properties and as potential sources of carbon fibers of great strength... 

The question that began the fullerene story the possibility that carbon clusters are formed in stars moved closer to an answer in 2000 when a team... 

Buckminsterfullerene (Chapter 11 essay Carbon Clusters Fullerenes and Nanotubes ) Name given to the Cgo cluster with structure resembling the geodesic domes of R Buck minster Fuller see front cover... 

Benzene Dreams and Creative Thinking Carbon Clusters Fullerenes and Nanotubes... 

The MALDI-TOF mass spectra of the Cso-fullerene-annelated [3]- and [4]rotanes 127 and 128 also demonstrated that these molecules fragment at the spirocyclopropane units with successive loss of the fullerene moieties. Unfortunately, however, the peaks for cyclo-Ci and cyclo-C2o carbon clusters were not observed [38]. 

The mechanism for the formation of complex hydrocarbons through fullerenes is loosely taken from Helden et al.119 and Hunter et al.,120 and is depicted in Figure 2. As in the work of Thaddeus,117 linear carbon clusters grow via carbon insertion and radiative association reactions, although in this case a large number of additional reactions involving neutral atoms such as C, O, and H and neutral molecules such as H2 are also included. Reactions with H and H2 serve to produce... 

V. S. Kuck (eds.), Fullerenes Synthesis, Properties, and Chemistry of Large Carbon Clusters, ACS Symp. Ser. 481, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., 1992 H. W. Kroto and D. R. M. Walton (eds.), Fullerenes New Horizons for the Chemistry, Physics, and Astrophysics of Carbon. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 1993 H. W. Kroto (ed.), Fullerenes. Pergamon/Elsevier, London, 1993 A. Hirsch, The Chemistry of the Fullerenes. Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 1993 H. Aldersley-Williams, The Most Beautiful Molecule Discovery of the Buckyball. Wiley, New York, 1995. 

Wudl, F. In Fullerenes Synthesis, Properties and Chemistry of Large Carbon Clusters ACS Symposium Series 48, 1992, 161-175. 

Daly. T.K.. ct al.. "Fullerenes ftom a Fulgurite." Science. 1599 (March 12. 1993). Eben. L.B. Is Soot Cnmposed Predominantly of Carbon Clusters " Stience. 1468 (March 23. 1990). 

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