Full-scale process concept

Lab-, pilot-, and plant-scale experiments all play important roles in drying research. Lab-scale experiments are often necessary to study product characteristics and physical properties pilot-scale experiments are often used in proof-of-concept process tests and to generate larger quantities of sample material and plant-scale experiments are often needed to diagnose processing problems and to start or change a full-scale process. 

This paper focuses on feedstock recycling of PVC, which involves degradation in a full-scale incineration plant. Liberated hydrochloric acid is recovered and used in subsequent stages for the generation of new PVC. Full details are given on the basic concept, plant configuration, the process itself, and the economic aspects involved. 

The enzyme membrane reactor (EMR) is an established mode for running continuous biocatalytic processes, ranging from laboratory units of 3 mL volume via pilot-scale units (0.5-500 L) to full-scale industrial units of several cubic meters volume and production capacities of hundreds of tons per year (Woltinger, 2001 Bommarius, 1996). The analogous chemzyme membrane reactor (CMR) concept, discussed in Chapter 18, Section 18.4.5, is based on the same principles as the EMR but is far less developed yet. 

Of course, the concept of complete similarity does not guarantee that a process will be the same in the model as in the full-scale version in every respect it is only the same with respect to particular aspect under examination, which has been described by the appropriate pi- relationship. In order to demonstrate this fact with the help of the above example, it should be remembered that the flow conditions in two smooth pipes of different scales should be considered similar when Re = idem and, according to the pressure drop characteristics, will therefore have the same numerical value of t, = Eu d/1. However, this does not mean that heat transfer conditions prevalent in the two pipes are the same. For that to be the case, the relevant pi-relationship, Nu=/(Re, Pr), requires that both the Reynolds number and the Prandtl number have the same numerical value (temperature-independent physical properties of the medium being supposed). 

In the conception of model experiments the goal is to fix the model substance and the test conditions in such a way that a complete similarity is achieved between the processes in the full-scale plant (T) and in the model (M). In this case, all pi-numbers fulfil the requirement idem. In the discussed case the procedure is as follows ... 

A key concept in CONDEA s product development process is the controlled scale-up or new products from laboratory to commercial production. The gap between pilot production cmd full scale commercial production, typical for the manufacturing industry, is being bridged by a flexible multi-purpose semi-commercial unit of approx. 1200 mt per year capacity, where large scale conunercial samples can be manufactured during the developmental stage. This concept reduces scale-up factors to a reasonable ratio and helps to shorten the development of new raw materials for catalytic applications. 

Finding (Pueblo) GA-4. Additional testing and demonstration of the demilitarization protective ensemble (DPE) suit shredding and micronizing system will be necessary to establish the operability of the process at full scale. The EDS tests established the proof of concept but did not demonstrate the operability of a continuous shredding and micronizing system for DPE suit material. 

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