Fuel utilisation factor

As defined in Chap. 2, the fuel utilisation factor (C7 ) describes the efficiency of the fuel cell (Eq. 2.78), and fT is given by... 

Hence, at the anode, the concentration of product H2O increases with the increasing fuel utilisation factor. As discussed in Chap. 3,... 

For a gas turbine operating as a combined heat and power plant, the energy utilisation factor (EUF) is a better criterion of performance than the thermal efficiency. It is defined as the ratio of work output (W) plus useful heat output (Qu) to the fuel energy supplied (F),... 

Table 10,1 Contributions to ASR for a Rise-type anode-supported cell (Nl-YSZ/YSZ/tSM-YSZ) at 8S0°C tested in a plug flow-type configuration at S and 8S% fuel utilisation (FU). Rehji is calculated using a specific conductivity of YSZ of 0.045 S/cm, Sconnect is an estimation, Rp.eichem is the sum of typical anode and cathode polarisation resistances measured in separate electrode experiments, Rp.aiff is calculated using a diffusion coefficient of 10 cm /s, 30% porosity, a tortuosity factor of 3 and a thickness of 0.1cm, and fip,conver is Calculated using Eq. (10) with i = 0,5 A/cm ...

The same method could also be applied to the net substrate oxidation rates. Due to the - at least partial - mutual exchangeability of the substrates as source of energy, this approach was not fully functional for the substrates. In [29] a diet containing 37 % of protein, 4 % of fat and 51 % of CHO (The remainder consists of dietary fiber, water, minerals, etc.) was used. In this case by increasing the protein intake by 1 g the CHO intake was automatically increased by 1.4 g. And in energy metabolism CHO is preferred, as long as there is enough CHO from both intake and body stores available. So the relation of the substrates as fuel differed at different levels of diet intake. This resulted in a fat utilisation factor of up to 800 % and CHO utilisation factors of as low as 33 %. The CD s, however, remained at levels of 92 - 99 %. Only for carbohydrate and... 

In the unit price of electricity (Kk) derived in Section B.2, the dominant factors are the capital cost per kilowatt (CJW), which generally decreases inversely as the square root of the power (i.e. as the fuel price the overall efficiency tjq, the utilisation H hours per year) and to a lesser extent the operational and maintenance costs (OM). 

The common factor in all these processes, which accounts for the need for mitochondrial ATP generation, is that they reqnire ATP utilisation either continuously or for prolonged periods, so that the most efficient process for the use of fuel to generate ATP is necessary. 

Other factors affecting the water balance are the hydrogen utilisation in the fuel cell anode and the oxygen stoichiometry on the cathode side. Increasing hydrogen utilisation requires a surplus of cathode air and consequently cathode stoichiometry needs to be increased. This dilutes the burner off-gas, which has a detrimental effect on the water balance of the fuel cell/fuel processor system [435]. 

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