Fuel gauges

The electrical conductivity of fuel must be maintained at a minimum and maximum level. Fuel must have adequate conductivity to ensure that static charge does not build up in the fuel. However, if fuel is too highly conductive, some capacitance-type aircraft fuel gauges can be disrupted. 

May interfere with capacitance-type fuel gauges... 

Hardie, D. G., and Carling, D. 1997. The AMP-activated protein kinase—fuel gauge of the mammalian cell Eur J Biochem 246 259-273. 

While on the ground in Montreal, Captain Robert Pearson found that the airplane s fuel processor was malfunctioning. As well, all three fuel gauges were not operating. Pearson believed, however, that it was safe to fly the airplane using manual fuel measurements. 

The fuel gauge never worked again after that, but I got to where I could tell when the gas was low by the smell. I think it was the smell of the bottom of the tank. There was also a little smell of brake fluid, a little smell of exhaust, a little smell of oil and, after all the years, a little smell of me. Car smells. 

D. G. Hardie, and D. Carling, The AMP-activated protein kinase--fuel gauge of the mammalian cell EurJ Biochem 246, 259-273 (1997). 

Apart from fhree PKA phosphorylation sites described above, HSL is phosphorylated in vivo in hormonally quiescent cells at a site named the basal site [235], corresponding to Ser-565 in rat HSL [232, 234], i.e. two residues carboxy-terminal to Ser-563. Glycogen synfhase kinase-4 [237], Ga /calrrioduliri-dcpendent kinase II, and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) [238] phosphorylate Ser-565 in vitro without any direct effect on enzyme activity (Fig. 11.5). AMPK has been proposed to be the physiologically relevant kinase [238], based on its involvement in ofher aspects of lipid metabolism and on its proposed role as fuel gauge [239]. Furthermore, because phosphorylation by AMPK prevented subsequent phosphorylation of Ser-563, and vice versa, it was proposed fhat phosphorylation of Ser-565 exerts an antilipolytic role [238]. This proposal is supported by experiments showing that preincu-... 

The automobile fuel gauge will detect when the tank is full and signal the dispenser to automatically stop hydrogen flow. 

Acetyl CoA carboxylase responds to changes in its immediate environment. Acetyl CoA carboxylase is switched off by phosphorylation and activated by dephosphorylation (Figure 22.29). AMP-dependent protein kinase (AVIPK) converts the carboxylase into an inactive form by modifying a single serine residue. AMPK is essentially a fuel gauge it is activated by AMP and in-... 

Many fuel specifications require the use of static dissipator additive to improve safety in fuel handling. In such cases the specification defines both minimum and maximum electrical conductivity the minimum level ensures adequate charge relaxation whereas the maximum prevents too high a conductivity, because this can upset some capacitance-type fuel gauges in aircraft (ASTM D-2624, ASTM D-4308, IP 274). The standard test methods (ASTM D-2624, IP 274) employ an immersible conductivity cell and field meter intended for measuring the conductivity of fuel in storage tanks. 

Identify optimal engine operational parameters such as air-flow, compression ratio, spark/fliel control, and valve timing, and develop an on-board fuel gauge. 

It is apparent that elemental sulfur species that are suspected to cause silver corrosion can be detected at the appropriate levels that contribute to the fuel gauge issue. Of course, the ability to make a rapid total sulfur measurement is extremely useful in many circumstances. For instance, in a process plant upset, speciation of sulfur may be desirable only when a total sulfur specification is exceeded. In those circumstances, it is desirable to be able to simply change operating conditions back and forth between total sulfur and speciated sulfur analysis, and this is achievable using LTMGC. 

A. J. Curello, F. Fairbanks, and C. Loonis. Fuel gauge for fuel cartridges. US Patent 7117 732, assigned to Societe BIC (Clichy Cedex, FR), October 10, 2006. 

The aircraft ditched into to the sea off Capo Gallo following the flameout of both engines. The aircraft broke into three pieces with 16 fatalities and 28 injured. The cause was attributed to human error by the mechanics who replaced the fuel gauge (the FQI) with one meant for an ATR42. 

Visual Fuel Gauge lets you know your battery status... 

Bullard EVA Powered Air-Purifying Respirator offers 1,000 APR visual fuel gauge, single filter design, and a combination chemical and particulate filter. NIOSH approved, EVA can be used with Bullard Tychem hoods and Spectrum Series full facepiece. Visit Bullard Booth 207 at ASSE, learn more at www.bullard.com or customize your EVA PAPR at www. buildyourbullard.com. Booth 207. Cbvie 307... 

SoC shows the proportion of the charge currently available in the battery compared to the fully charged battery pack (100%). This function is comparable with a fuel gauge in a car. Chapter 4 describes different calculation methods to determine this SoC. 

Maxim Integrated, MAX1705x Series Battery Fuel Gauges [14]... 

Due to size and cost constraints, these additional features may be added on the system-side of the device circuit board and not be contained in the battery pack. This location is also common in nonremovable battery packs that are not user-replaceable as shown by the Maxim Integrated MAX17047/050 System Side Fuel Gauges (Figure 16.6). 

Maxim Integrated, MAX17047/050, System Side Fuel Gauges (Figure 16.6) [18]... 

FIGURE 16.5 Measuring, calculating, and communicating functions via the pack side bq27541 fuel gauge from Texas Instruments [17]. Graphic courtesy of Texas Instruments Inc., used with permission. 

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