Fuel, ethylized fossil

Of course, a number of solvents in common use in the chemical industry, such as ethanol, acetic acid, and ethyl acetate, can be derived from either bio or oil raw materials. The debate rages over the hfe cycle impact of bio versus fossil fuel... 

Bioethanol is suitable for internal combustion engines that run on gasoline. Similarly, biodiesel is designed for diesel engines. Biodiesel is a fuel manufactured from various oils and fats. These acids are chemically transformed to fatty acid methyl esters. By blending the fatty acid methyl or ethyl esters in the right proportions, the properties of the fuel can be influenced [59] and potentially mimic the properties of petrochemically derived diesel. Biofuel efficiency generally is the same as for fossil-derived diesel fuel [59]. 

Utilizing 2,000 tons/day of cellulosic feedstocks to be operational by 1983. This bioconversion technology addresses itself to t wo important national problems. One is the removal or decrease in volume of solid waste. Secondly, it provides ethyl alcohol and other chemicals which can be utilized to supplant fossil fuel sources as a feedstock. 

Just as the fossil fuel and petrochemicals industries are closely connected, the production of the same but bio-based chemicals will be closely related to the manufacturing of biofuels. The focus of commercialization by using biomass as a feedstock is mainly on ethanol, biodiesel, butanol, hydrogen, Fischer-Tropsch fuels, methanol, methane, and MTBEyETBE (methyl- or ethyl-tert-butylether). These products can be used either as biofuels or chemicals for further converting. In the context of this chapter, only routes for the ethylene and propylene... 

Alcohols are the most frequently used acyl acceptors, particularly methanol and, to a lesser extent, ethanol. Other alcohols can be used, eg, propanol, butanol, isopropanol, ferf-butanol, branched alcohols, and octanol, but the cost is much higher. Regarding the choice between methanol and ethanol, the former is cheaper, more reactive, and the fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) are more volatile than those of the fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE). However, ethanol is less toxic and it can be considered more renewable because it can be easily produced from renewable sources by fermentation of agricultural feedstocks. In contrast, methanol is mainly produced from nonrenewable fossil sources, such as natural gas. Methanol also inhibits Upases. Regarding their characteristics as fuels, FAME and FAEE show very sUght differences (Demirbas, 2008). 

---