Fuel common types

Once the required horsepower and number of stages are estimated, a choice of compressor type can be made from the considerations included earlier. Some example selections are included in Table 10-1, The selections listed in this table are meant as common types that would normally be specified for the given conditions. It must be emphasized that the.se are not recommendations that should be accepted without consideration of the advantages and disadvantages listed earlier. In addition, local foundation conditions, type of drivers available, cost of fuel, availability of spaie... 

Radiant power boilers are two-phase boilers. Designs typically employ only one drum for the largest installations, whereas smaller power boiler designs generally incorporate two drums. Fossil fuel-fed, radiant power boilers are probably the most common type of equipment employed for large-scale utility power generation. 

There are several types of fuel cells with different characteristics and uses. Fuel cells are usually classified according to the electrolyte that is used. Table 7.1 shows some common fuel cell types and their uses. 

The most common type of wax crystal modifier used to reduce the pour point and filtration temperature of distillate fuel is based on ethylene vinylacetate (EVA) copolymer chemistry. These compounds are quite common throughout the fuel additive industry. The differences, however, are found in the variation in the molecular weight and the acetate ratio of the copolymer. 

A less common type of fuel-gas trip to a heater is a low-pressure trip. A pressure transducer generates a milliamp output from a boiler feed-water pump. Should this milliamp output fall below a certain level, the... 

Emissions from fireplaces and stoves have been reported in several studies testing furnaces and wood fuel typical for different areas of the world. Wood smoke emissions typical for central Europe were investigated by Schmidl et al. [22, 23]. In these studies, different common European wood types were analysed to derive chemical profiles of wood combustion emissions for various types of wood. An overview of the fuel wood types used in the Alpine countries is given by Kistler et al. [24]. In the above-mentioned emission studies, wood has been burnt in a tiled wood stove [22] and in two automatically and two manually fired appliances [23]. The authors found a high variability for the emissions from small-scale manually fired wood combustion appliances in the performed individual tests. 

The necessary fuel processing of natural gas or other hydrocarbons and coal before its use in the SOFC changes the system design. The following investigations have been done for methane as the main component of natural gas to keep the calculations simple. A common type of fuel processing for hydrocarbons is the endothermic steam reforming process as shown for methane in Equation (2.105) with the heat demand Equation (2.106)... 

The most common type of boiler configuration to bum hog-fuel is the spreader stoker type, although some overfeed stokers also exist. Spreader stoker boilers can bum fuel with high moisture content, are relatively easy to operate, and have relatively high thermal efficiency. Overfeed stoked boilers have lower particulate emissions relative to spreader stoker boilers because less combustion occurs in suspension.13... 

Table 3.3.1 shows an overview of the most common types of today s fuel cells. Fuel cells are typically categorized by the type of ion conductor or electrolyte employed. 

There are two common types of burner deterioration that occur when using oxygen-enhanced combustion corrosion and oxidation. Corrosion is limited to oxy/fuel burners, and oxidation can be a problem for air/fuel burners operating under premix conditions. 

There are many types of fuel cells. The most common types are ... 

Consequently, the choice of the electrolyte determines the characteristics of the fuel cell, such as the operating temperature. The temperature is important because it determines the range of possible useful applications of the heat produced. It is thus common practice to indicate a fuel cell type by the material chosen for the electrolyte (Fig. 9.8). 

A brief description of common types of fuels is provided at the end of this section. 

Coal is a complex and relatively dirty fuel that contains varying amounts of sulfur and a substantial fraction of noncombustible mineral constituents, commonly called ash (Chawla et al. 2011). Table 3.4 shows the common types of corrosion in coal-fired furnaces. High temperatures (above 1000 F) of the superheater/reheater favor the formation of low-melting compounds. 

We examine several common types of batteries and the operation of fuel cells. (19.6)... 

The common types of sulfur compounds in transportation fuels are listed in Table 14.4 (Song, 2002a, 2003). 

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