High Thermal Efficiency

Increasing fuel costs and sizes of industrial and utiUty installations have forced the emphasis in economical considerations to shift to high thermal efficiency, rehabiUty, and avadabihty. The investment, operating, maintenance, transmission, insurance, and other costs as well as depreciation must also be considered, but these are often less important. 

The calcination of A1(0H),3 to AI2O3 in a circulating fluidized process produces a high-grade product. The process combines the use of circulating, bubbling, and transport beds to achieve high thermal efficiency. See Fig. 17-28. 

In a combined cycle plant, high steam pressures do not necessarily convert to a high thermal efficiency for a combined cycle power plant. Expanding the steam at higher steam pressure causes an increase in the moisture content at the exit of the steam turbine. The increase in moisture content creates major erosion and corrosion problems in the later stages of the turbine. A limit is set at about 10% (90% steam quality) moisture content. 

Lloyd carried out a range of similar calculations, for differing thermodynamic parameters the results are presented in Fig. 8.12 in comparison with those for a basic STIG cycle with the same parameters of pressure ratio and maximum temperature. There is indeed similarity between the two sets, with the TCR plant having a higher efficiency. It is noteworthy that both cycles obtain high thermal efficiency at quite low pressure ratios as one would expect for what are essentially CBTX recuperative gas turbine cycles. 

The performance of these novel plants may be assessed in relation to two objectives— the attainment of good performance (high thermal efficiency and low cost of electricity produced) and the effectiveness of CO2 removal, although the two may be coupled if a CO-) tax is introduced. 

Fig. B.4 (after Davidson and Keeley [5]) shows values of A plotted against thermal efficiency for a high carbon fuel (coal) and a lower carbon fuel (natural gas). It illustrates that one obvious route towards a desired low production of this greenhouse gas is to seek high thermal efficiency (another is to use lower carbon fuel).

Reh, L., Calcining Aluminum Trihydrate in a Circulating Fluid Bed, a New Technique of High Thermal Efficiency, Metallurges, Rev. Activ., 1972(15) 58-60 (1972)... 

High thermal efficiencies that improve the homogeneity of the glass melt product... 

High thermal efficiency with low emissions Cost-effective, low power consumption Produces a medium British thermal unit (Btu), reformate gas Stable operation... 

The most common type of boiler configuration to bum hog-fuel is the spreader stoker type, although some overfeed stokers also exist. Spreader stoker boilers can bum fuel with high moisture content, are relatively easy to operate, and have relatively high thermal efficiency. Overfeed stoked boilers have lower particulate emissions relative to spreader stoker boilers because less combustion occurs in suspension.13... 

We have our work divided into process engineering, process chemistry, catalysis, and support technology. As an example, one of the indirect liquefaction projects, tube wall reactor, deals with the design and operation of high thermal efficiency catalytic reactors for syn-gas conversion. Other activities are coal liquefaction properties of coal minerals, the role of catalysts, coal liquid product stability, and environmental impact—to name a few. 

Heat pipes can easily be implemented inside sorption storage vessels. They are the most convenient thermal control devices for the solid and liquid sorption machines due to its flexibility, high thermal efficiency, cost-effectiveness, reliability, long operating life, simple manufacturing technology. 

W ter evaporative capacities up to 2Cf,000 lb/hr or more Very high thermal efficiency achieved. Less control of granular product size and size distribution than with other dispersion methods. 

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