Fuel cells, heteropoly acids

Keywords Fuel cell Heteropoly acid membrane Proton transport... 

Typically, Nation ionomer is the predominant additive in the catalyst layer. However, other types of CLs with various hygroscopic or proton conductor additives have also been developed for fuel cells operafed xmder low relative humidity (RH) and/or at elevated temperatures. Many studies have reported the use of hygroscopic y-Al203 [52] and silica [53,54] in the CE to improve the water retention capacity and make such CEs viable for operation af lower relative humidity and/or elevated temperature. Alternatively, proton conducting materials such as ZrP [55] or heteropoly acid HEA [56] have also been added... 

Haugen, G.M. et al.. Increased stability of PFSA proton exchange membranes under fuel cell operation by the decomposition of peroxide catalyzed by heteropoly acids, ECS Trans., 3, 551, 2006. 

Haugen, G. M. Meng, E. Aieta, N. V. Horan, J. L. Kuo, M.-C. Erey, M. H. Hamrock, S. J. Herring, A. M., The Effect of Heteropoly Acids on Stability of PFSA PEMs Under Fuel Cell Operation. Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters 2006, In press. 

Haugen GM, Meng F, Aieta NV, Horan JL, Kuo M-C, Frey MH, Hamrock SJ, Herring AM (2007) The effect of heteropoly acids on stability of PFSA PEMs under fuel cell operation. Electrochem Solid State Lett 10 B51-B55... 

Oh S-Y, Yoshida T, Kawamura G et al (2010) Inorganic-organic composite electrolytes consisting of polybenzimidazole and Cs-substituted heteropoly acids and their application for medium temperature fuel cells. J Mater Chem 20 6359-6366... 

B. Smith, S. Sridhar and A. A. Khan, Proton conducting composite membranes from polysul-fone and heteropoly acid for fuel cell applications, J. Polym. Sci. Part B Polym. Phys. 43, 1538-1547 (2005). 

The Use of Heteropoly Acids in Proton Exchange Fuel Cells... 

Abstract In this chapter, we discuss the proton conductivity and use of heteropoly acids (HP As) in proton exchange fuel cells. We first review the fundamental aspects of proton conduction in the HPAs and then review liquid HPA-based fuel cells. Four types of composite proton exchange membranes containing HPAs have been identified HPAs imbibed perfluorosulfonic acid membranes, HPAs imbibed hydrocarbon membranes, sol-gel-based membranes, and polymer hybrid polyoxometa-late (polypom)-based membranes. 

Herring, A. M., Turner, J. A., Dec, S. R, Sweikart, M. A., Malers, J. L., Meng, F., Pern, F. J., Horan, J., and Vernon, D. (2004). The use of heteropoly acids in composite membranes for elevated temperature PEM fuel cell operation lessons learnt from three different approaches. Paper presented at the 2004 Fuel (2ell Seminar Technology, Markets, and Commercialization. San Antonio, TX, Nov. 2-5, 2004. Available www.fuelcellseminar.com. 

Herring, A., S. Dec, J. Malers, F. Meng, J. Horan, f. Turner, M.-A. Sweikart, J. Pern, and D. Vernon, The Use of Heteropoly Acids in Composite Membranes for Elevated Temperature PEM Fuel Cell Operation Lessons Learned from Three Different Approaches, in Proc. of the 2004 Fuel Cell Seminar (San Antonio, TX, 2004), pp. 97-100. 

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