Fuel cell nanofluidic

The new frontiers in HTF research include nanofluids, phase change materials, fluids for specialty applications such as fuel cells, electronic cooling, thermal storage, etc., and environment friendly high-temperature fluids with excellent thermal stability. 

It is well-known that implicit solvent models use both discrete and continuum representations of molecular systems to reduce the number of degrees of freedom this philosophy and methodology of implicit solvent models can be extended to more general multiscale formulations. A variety of DG-based multiscale models have been introduced in an earlier paper of Wei [74]. Theory for the differential geometry of surfaces provides a natural means to separate the microscopic solute domain from the macroscopic solvent domain so that appropriate physical laws are applied to applicable domains. This portion of the chapter focuses specifically on the extension of the equilibrium electrostatics models described above to nonequilibrium transport problems that are relevant to a variety of chemical and biological S5 ems, such as molecular motors, ion channels, fuel cells, and nanofluidics, with chemically or biologically relevant behavior that occurs far from equilibrium [74-76]. 

The motion of electrically charged particles or molecules in a stationary medium under the influence of an electric field is called electrophoresis. In such transport the electric force is applied through a potential difference between electrodes. Selective use of the Lorentz force by applying a magnetic field can also induce such movement. Electrophoresis and electroosmosis are two key modaUties of electrokinetic transport which are very useful in micro- and nanofluidics for a variety of apphcations including biomedical (bio-NEMS, etc.), fuel cell, and micro total analysis systems (/r-TASs). In electroosmosis the bulk fluid moves due to the existence of a charged double layer at the solid-hquid interface. While one-dimensional electrophoresis is more commonly used, two-dimensional electrophoresis may also become a useful tool for the separation of gel proteins based on isoelectric property. 

Ren H, Lee H-S, Chae J (2012) Miniatwizing microbial fuel cells for potential portable power sources promises and challenges. Microfluid Nanofluid 13 353-381... 

Laminar flow is important in engineering systems, such as flow in pipes, fuel cells, chemical reactors, microreactors, microfluidic, and nanofluidic devices just to name some applications. 

Ren, H., Lee, H. Chae, X Miniaturizing microbial fuel-cells forpotential portable power sources promises and challenges. Microfluid. Nanofluid. 13 3 (2012), pp. 353-381. 

Sharma, T., Reddy, A.L.M., Chandra, T.S. Ramaprabhu, S. Development of carbon nanotuhes and nanofluids based microbial fuel-cell. Int J. Hydrogen Energy 33 22 (2008), pp. 6749-6754. 

Development of carbon nanotubes and nanofluids based microbial fuel cell. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 33, 6749-6754. 

Alyousef, Y., Yao, S.C. (2006) Development of a silicon-based wettability controlled membrane for microscale direct metbanol fuel cells. Microfluidics and Nanofluidics, 2, 337-344. 

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