FTMS

The most widely used type of trap for the study of ion-molecule reactivity is the ion-cyclotron-resonance (ICR) [99] mass spectrometer and its successor, the Fourier-transfomi mass spectrometer (FTMS) [100, 101]. Figure A3.5.8 shows the cubic trapping cell used in many FTMS instmments [101]. Ions are created in or injected into a cubic cell in a vacuum of 10 Pa or lower. A magnetic field, B, confines the motion in the x-y... 

MALDI = matrix assisted laser desorption, ftms = Fourier transform mass spectrometry TOF = time of flight. 

Parameter P is equal to the ratio of the liquid volume entrained and the sum of the volumes of this liquid and particles. Values of P are determined experimentally from measured settling velocities. In general, the smaller the effective particle size, the more liquid is entrained by the same mass of solids phase. For example, particles of carborundum with d = 12.2 //.m have P = 0.268 d = 9.6 ftm, p — 0.288 and d = 4.6 fim, p = 0.35. 

Coiumn type Column size (mm) Theoretical plate number Flow rate (ml/min) Exclusion limit Pullulan Usable pH range Particle size (ftm) Maximum pressure (kgf/cm ) Maximum temperature (°C)... 

Symmetry of orbitals on the B6 octahedron, (a) Six outward-pointing (sp) orbitals used for a bonding to 6 H. (b) Six inward-pointing (sp) orbitals used to form the fi framework bonding molecular orbital, (c) ComponenLS for one of the fiM framework bonding molecular orbitals — the other two molecular orbitals are in the yz and zr planes, (d) (Components ftM one of the t2 framework bonding molecular orbitals — the other two molecular orbitals are in the yz and x planes. 

Processing times of 3-10 min are usual, giving a total metal removal of 25-50 ftm. 

Sprayed coatings have structures in which fine pores thread tortuous paths through the deposit, and it is necessary to apply a coating thickness of about 350 ftm if all these paths are to be closed. Scratch-brushing of the deposit, however, makes it possible to consolidate the surface and to achieve adequate continuity in thinner deposits, e.g. 200 m. 

Porosity and discontinuities Chromium plate of 0 5 ftm or less in thickness is invariably porous. An increase in thickness above this value, however, when plating is carried out under conventional conditions (i.e. 38-43°C,... 

After a de-nib, spray surfacer is applied to build up the film thickness before top-coating. The surfacer contains a high level of pigment and extender (at least 35% by volume) and frequently a saturated polyester resin with a melamine —or urea —formaldehyde crosslinker. The coating is applied at thicknesses up to 35 ftm and stoved for 20 min at 150-165°C. 

Corrosive effect Film thickness (ftm) Film thickness (fim) Film thickness (r m) ... 

Very different microporous separators for alkaline batteries are included in Table 16. The very thin (-25 ftm) films of stretched polypropylene ( Celgard ) are generally employed in combination with... 

Figure 2.25 3IP NMR spectrum of ftms-RhCl(CO)(PBu2Et)2 at — 60°C. The patterns x, O, A correspond to the three conformers. (Reproduced with permission from Chem. Comm., 1971,1103.)...

Variation of wavelength between 0.5 and 1.5 ftm both fringe pattern and envelope expand as the wavelength increases, the ratio between envelope width and fringe period remains constant dlB/D. 

The HPLC system comprised a 75 ftm x 15 cm PepMap column with a linear gradient of acetonitrile/0.1% aqueous formic acid (5 to 50% acetonitrile over 45 min) at a flow rate of 250 nlmin . Positive-ion electrospray ionization was employed using a nanospray interface. MS-MS specna were acquired over the range m/z 40 to 2000 at a rate of 1 s per scan. 

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