Fruit types: processing conditions

These phenolic compounds seem to play a role against the development of different types of cancer and cardiovascular diseases, because these compounds provide, at least in part, antioxidant capacity (AOC) [14], anti-inflammation [15,16], lipid profile modification [17,18] and antitumor effects [19-22]. Besides these beneficial properties of phenolic compounds in human health, these compounds are responsible of color, flavor, and smell in fruits and vegetables [23], and their contents are influenced by variety, crop type, environmental conditions, location, germination, maturity, processing, and storage [24-26]. Therefore, several procedmes have been developed for the analysis of this type of compound in the last few years. 

Two different types of Aspergillus, one of Penicillium and two kinds of yeast were isolated from candied kumquats and wumei (9. Huang and Wang (2 ) found Aspergillus sp., Rhizopus sp., Penicillium sp., Fusarium sp. and Saccharomyces sp. in similar products from several candied fruit factories. This suggests unsatisfactory sanitary conditions exist in many candied fruit processing facilities. 

No one membrane process is suitable for every fluid stream owing to the nature of feed and product requirements as well as the nature of the membrane process and the membrane designed for that process (see Table 1.3 and Figure 1.4). Even for the same membrane process, the performance varies depending on the type of feed. For example, when a UF membrane is used to steriHse a water supply or to concentrate a viscous liquid such as a fruit puree under the same operating conditions of feed flow rate and pressure, the permeate flow is 70—80% lower in the case of the latter due to the concentration of... 

Since the alkylphenol products used in the surfactants industry border on the commodity type, margins are slim and reductions in manufacturing costs of the parent alkylphenol are a must to stave off competition, not only from other producers, but also from other nonionic surfactant types. For this reason, process development has become a fruitful area of research for the alkylphenol industry, particularly those areas that improved catalysis or reaction conditions and recovery for recycle (by isomerization or transalkylation) of by-product streams. 

Activated carbons available in the market differ in pore distribution, in form and in chemical composition. The differences between activated carbon types are a consequence of the choice of activation process, the choice of activation conditions and to some extend of the choice of the raw material. Activated carbons are produced using raw materials as peat, wood, lignite, anthracite, fruit, kernels and shells. The raw materials are converted in activated carbon by steam activation or by chemical activation. 

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