Fructosyl transferase

Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are ((32-1) fructose oligomers bound to glucose at the non-reducing end industrially produced from sucrose by fructosyltransferases (sucrose 1-fructosyl transferases EC 2.4.1.9).128... 

Polyfructan (inulin) fructosyl-transferase (FTF) nucl. substn. fructose transfer Hicke, 1999... 

J. Seibel, R. Moraru, S. Gotze, K. Buchholz, S. Na amnieh, A. Pawlowski, and H.-J. Hecht, Synthesis of sucrose analogues and the mechanism of action of Bacillus subtilis fructosyl-transferase (levansucrase), Carbohydr. Res., 341 (2006) 2335-2349. 

Heyer, A.G., Hellwege, E.W., and Gritscher, D., A Novel Fructosyl Transferase Isolated from Artichoke, and Its Use in the Production of Long-Chain Inulin, WO Patent 9924593, 1999. 

Koops, AJ. and Jonker, H.H., Purification and characterization of the enzymes of fructan biosynthesis in tubers of Helianthus tuberosus Columbia. 1. Purification of sucrose sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase and reconstruction of fructan synthesis in vitro with purified sucrose sucrose 1-fructosyl transferase and fructamfructan 1-fructosyltransferase, Plant Physiol., 110, 1167-1175, 1996. 

Fructans in the Jerusalem artichoke are synthesized by the concerted action of two fructosyl transferases that were derived from invertase genes (Van Laere and Van den Ende, 2002). In the initial step (Figure 10.18), the trisaccharide 1-kestose (G-F-F) is synthesized from two sucrose molecules (G-F) in a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme sucrose sucrose fructosyl transferase (SST EC 2.4.1.99). The reaction products are 1-kestose and glucose, and the reaction is essentially irreversible due to the high free energy of hydrolysis (AG = 27.6 kJ-mok1) (Lewis, 1984). 

A second enzyme, fructan fructan 1-fructosyl transferase (1-FFT EC 2.4.1.100) is responsible for chain elongation with 1-kestose and fructans with a degree of polymerization of >3 acting as... 

Three enzymes, sucrose sucrose 1-fructosyl transferase (1-SST), fructan fructan 1-fructosyl transferase (1-FFT), and 1-fructan-p-fructosidase (1-FEH), appear to control fructan polymerization and depolymerization in the Jerusalem artichoke. Each is sequestered in the vacuole of the cells in which they are expressed and has a pH optimum in the acid range (pH 5.0 to 5.5), in keeping with a vacuolar origin (Frehner et al., 1984). 

Sucrose sucrose 1-fructosyl transferase appears to be a glycoprotein with a pH optimum of 5.0 and a molecular weight of 65 to 70 kDa (Scott, 1968). It has a lower temperature optimum than many plant enzymes and a relatively low Q10, allowing it to function effectively at lower temperatures. For example, the enzyme s activity decreases slowly (i.e., by only a factor of 2) between 28 and 8°C (Wagner and Wiemken, 1986). 

Fructan fructan fructosyl transferase has a molecular weight of approximately 70 kDa and can be separated into five species with pH values between 4.5 and 5.0. The enzyme has a pH optimum for fructosyl transfer activity between 5.5 and 7.0 and a temperature optimum in the 25 to 35°C range. Like 1-SST, 1-FFT has a low Q10 (i.e., 1.14 between 25 and 5°C), indicative of its ability to function at relatively low temperatures (Koops and Jonker, 1994). The rate of transfer of fructosyl groups increases with substrate concentration up to 100 mol nr3. 

Cairns, A.J. and Ashton, J.E., The interpretation of in vitro measurements of fructosyl transferase activity an analysis of patterns of fructosyl transfer by fungal invertase, New Phytol., 118, 23-34, 1991. 

Luscher, M., Frehner, M., and Nosberger, J., Purification and characterization of ffuctamfructan fructosyl transferase from Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.), New Phytol., 123, 717-724, 1993. 

Praznik, W., Beck, R.H.F., and Spies, T., Isolation and characterization of sucrose sucrose lF-P-D-fructosyl-transferase from tubers of Helianthus tuberosus L., Agric. Biol. Chem., 54, 2429-2431, 1990. 

Van den Ende, W., Clerens, S., Vergauwen, R., Boogaerts, D., Le Roy, K., Arckens, L., and Van Laere, A., Cloning and functional analysis of a high DP fructan fructan 1-fructosyl transferase from Echinops ritro (Asteraceae) comparison of the native and recombinant enzymes, Exp. Bot., 57, 775-789, 2006. 

Van den Ende, W. and Van Laere, A., Purification and properties of an invertase with sucrose sucrose fructosyl transferase (SST) activity from the roots of Cichorium intybus L., New Phytol., 123, 31-37, 1993. 

Neosugar (fructo-olisaccharide) from sucrose Fructosyl transferase... 

Inulin is not biosynthesised by a Leloir pathway involving a nucleotide mono- or diphospho sugar, but by transglyeosylating enzymes of GH 32 and GH 68 acting on sucrose. Only two enzymes are involved, a sucrose-sucrose 1-fructosyl transferase (1-SST), whieh produees the primer trisaccharide 1-kestose, and fructan 1-fruetosyltransferase (1-FFT), whieh exchanges... 

For the production of bacterial inulin only the enzyme fructosyl transferase (FTF, EC 2.4.1.9) is required, which shuffles fructosyl units from the sucrose donor to another sucrose molecule or 1-kestose or higher polymeric p-(2- 1) linked fructan molecules acting as acceptor. The enzyme partly leads... 

Not to be confused with AUiumosides (see Furost-5-ene-3,22,26-triol. Isol. from bulbs of Allium sewertzowi. Prod, by reacting levan or phlein with fructosyl transferase from Pseudomonas fluores-cens. Exhibits good heat stability. Shows anticancer activity. Cryst. (EtOH). 

Sangeetha PT, Ramesh MN, PrapuUa SG. Production of fructo-oligosaccharides by fructosyl transferase from AspergUlus oryzae CFR 202 and Aureohasidium pullulans CFR 77. Process Biochem 2004 39(6) 753-8. 

Sangeetha PT, Ramesh MN, Prapulla SG. Production of fructosyl transferase by Aspergillus oryzae CFR 202 in solid-state fermentation using agricultural by-products. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2004 65(5) ... 

Actilight-95 is distributed by B4ghin-Meiji Industries in France and manu ctured enzymatically from sugar cane with fructosyl transferase [367],... 

---