FRESHWATER POLLUTION

We will consider in this chapter the sources of freshwater supply in the Asian region and the main sources of water pollution, principal water chemical processes and accumulation of differentpollutants in surface and ground waters with degradation of water quality. Finally, we review briefly the policies and programs that have been undertaken in the region to promote sustainable development of water resources at national and international levels. 

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Fernandez, M., L Haridon, J., Gauthier, L. Zoll-Moreux, C. (1993) Amphibian mieronueleus test(s) a simple and reliable method for evaluating in vivo genotoxic effects of freshwater pollutants and radiations. Initial assessment. Mutat. Res., 292, 83-99... 

The first method for detecting water pollution is to carry out comprehensive chemical monitoring and look for concentrations that exceed water quality criteria. However, since over 1500 substances have been listed as freshwater pollutants (Mason, 1981), extensive monitoring can be costly. Additionally, acute and chronic toxicity data are limited for commonly tested organisms and are almost nonexistent for many native species. However, chemical monitoring alone may not detect water pollution... 

Mason, C. F. 1981. Biology of Freshwater Pollution. Longman Group Limited, Essex. 

C.F. Mason, Biology of Freshwater Pollution, 3rd edn, Longman, Harlow, 1996. 

Linde AR, Sanchez-Gaian S Valles-Mota JP and GarcIa-Vazquez E (2001) Metallothionein as bioindicator of freshwater pollution European ed and brown trout. Ecotoxicol Environ Safety 49 60-63. 

Mason, Christopher F., Biology of Freshwater Pollution, 4th ed., Prentice Hall College Division, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2002. 

Mason, C.F. (1993). Biology of Freshwater Pollution. Second Edition. John Wiley and Sons. New York. 351p. 

Pascoe D, Wenzel A, Janssen CR, Girling AE, Juttner I, Pliedner A, Blockwell SJ, Maund SJ, Taylor EJ, Diedrich M, Persoone G, Verhelst P, Stephenson RR, Crossland NO, Mitchell GC, Pearson N, Tattersfield L, Lay JP, Peither A, Neumeier B, Velletti AR (2000) The development of toxicity tests for freshwater pollutants and their validation in stream and pond mesocosms. Water Res 34 2323-2329... 

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