Freind

Kelley, Edward. "Sir Ed Kelley concerning the Philosophers Stone written to his especiall good freind, G. S. Gent." In Theatrum chemicum Britannicum, ed. Elias Ashmole, 332-333., 1652. 

Freind, John. Chymical lectures. London For Aaron Ward, 1737. 

John Freind at Oxford (1675-1728) was the first person to realize that inter-molecnlar forces are of shorter range than gravity. 

Hales then refers to John Freind who has from the same principles given a very ingenious Rationale of the chief operations in Chymistry. Freind was one of the Englishman who in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries were trying to apply mechanical principles to chemical phenomena. But, Hales added, it is important to gain more information from experience. 

As already noted, Newton replaced the concept of mechanical entanglement with the postulate of short-range interparticle forces of attraction and repulsion and applied this model in his Principia of 1687 to rationalize Boyle s law relating gas pressure and volume. However, it was not until the first decade of the 18th century that this new dynamic or force model was first specifically applied to chemical phenomena by the British chemists, John Freind and John Keill, and by Newton himself in the finalized version of the 31st query appended to the 1717 and later editions of his famous treatise on optics, where he succinctly summarized his new particulate program for chemistry ... 

John Freind (1675-1728), English physician and chemist, publishes Praelectiones Chemicae, one of the earliest attempts to use Newtonian principles to explain chemical phenomena. 

Zoeller, N.J., and D. Blankschtein. 1995. Development of user-freindly computer programs to predict solution properties of single and mixed surfactant systems. Ind Eng. Chem. Res. 34, 4150-4160. 

Freinds are important. I have two good ones. Peally good. Talk about stuff. Rode bikes and stuff. Gotta care bout the other one or it just don t work. 

Carnegie got it good, I think. Agree with him. Freinds isjustsumthinyou got to have to make life more fun, ya know ... 

John Freind, Praelectiones chymicae (Oxford, 1709) [Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz], Acta eruditorum, 1710, 412-16. 

If among the cast of characters our imaginary play had included Friedrich Hoffmann, what Freind has to say next could well have been addressed to him. Those indeed who pretend most to Mechanism, place this active Principle in the Aether, or some extremely subtil Fluid but then I wou d ask the Question, What is it, that actuates this Aether, and constantly preserves it in Motion How comes it to pass, that contrary Motions do not destroy one another And what is it, that determines these Motions, to produce such particular Effects, and no others These must necessarily be Occult Qualities residing in the Aether (pp. 190-191). What a clever ending. The Cartesians themselves can t get along without occult qualities even though they deny their existence. The curtain... 

Read in r/jcMuleuni Oxford, 1704. By John Freind, M,D. Student... 

FIGURE 233. Title page from Dr. John Freind s 1712 book in which he attempted to use Newtonian physics to explain physical and chemical properties of matter. Newton suspected that the forces holding matter together were electrical and magnetical. 

Indeed, attempts 100 years earlier to apply the physics of the age— Newton s great work—to chemistry failed. Among the first to attempt these applications were mathematician John Keill (1671-1721) and physician John Freind (1675—1728). Newton had expressed the force arising from gravitational attraction between two bodies with the formula ... 

P ge from Freind s book depicting gravitational attraction between... 

John Freind 1704 Richard Frewin 17087-1740 Johann Lavater ca. 1710 John Whiteside ca. 1715-20 Thomas Hughes 1740... 

Title used by Freind on the title-page of the English edition of his lectures. 

Alcock was a Whig, whereas Frewin, like his colleague Freind, was a Fligh Tory. 

The link between chemistry and anatomy was maintained when Dr Lee s Readership of Anatomy was established at Christ Church in 1767. Dr Matthew Lee (1694-1755) had practised medicine in London, becoming the physician to Frederick, Prince of Wales. In his will, he left money to found an anatomy school in Christ Church, see Figure 3.1, and a university readership in anatomy, thereby fulfilling a plan of his former medical colleague and fellow member of Christ Church, John Freind. It was a condition of Dr Lee s will that the reader had to... 

John Freind, Praelectiones Chemicae—ann. 1704, Oxonii, in Museo Ash-moleano habitae, Londini, 1709 translated as Chymical Lectures—Read at the Museum at Oxford, 1704, London, 1712. For discussions of this book see Thackray, ref. 4, and J. S. Rowlinson, Cohesion a Scientific History of Intermolecular Forces, Cambridge University Press, 2002, pp. 19-20,26-27. Gunther, ref. 47, pp. 55-56. 

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