Freezing point of liquids

Mono ethanol amine (MEA). A solvent used to dissolve other laundry detergent ingredients. It also lowers the freezing point of liquid laundry products to allow them to be transported in cold weather. 

The System Phosphorus-Sulphur and Compounds.—The two elements mixed in various proportions were fused in sealed tubes at about 200° C. The solids so formed were heated and the temperatures determined at which complete liquefaction took place. These temperatures are the initial freezing-points of liquid at that temperature in equilibrium with the solid phases. 

Salts of black [Til6]2-, white [Thl6]2, and red [UI6]2- also have been prepared in the same manner.2,3 The preparations of [Cul4]2- and [Cel6]2 were attempted, but salts of these ions are not sufficiently stable to be observed even at the freezing point of liquid HI. Salts of black [UI6] have been prepared from the chloro salts in this manner4 but are unstable and decompose rapidly above about — 30°. 

Be able to compute the freezing points of liquid mixtures (Sec. 12.3)... 

FREEZING-POINT DEPRESSION OF A SOLVENT DUE TO THE PRESENCE OF A SOLUTE THE FREEZING POINT OF LIQUID MIXTURES... 

Freezing-Point Depression of a Solvent Due to the Presence of a Solute the Freezing Point of Liquid Mixtures 673 Problems for Section 12.3 678... 

Air below freezing point of liquid being removed (fluidized bed freeze dryers)... 

Water dissolved in DMSO is observed only in the case of great excess of the solvent (Figure 7.19f). At r=280 K (lower than the freezing point of liquid DMSO at 291.5 K), there are three signals... 

Francois-Marie Raoult (1830-1901) A French chemist who discovered the depression of the freezing point of liquids by the presence of dissolved substances and found that the diminution of the vapor pressure of a solvent, caused by a substance dissolved In it, is proportional to the molecular weight of the substance dissolved. He also worked on phenomena of the voltaic cell. 

F.14 Imagine that Pluto is inhabited and that its scientists use a temperature scale in which the freezing point of liquid nitrogen is 0°P (degrees Plutonium) and its boiling point is lOO P. The inhabitants of Earth report these temperatures as -209.9°C and -195.8 C. respectively. What is the relation between temperatures on (a) the Plutonium and Kelvin scales, and (b) the Plutonium and Fahrenheit scales ... 

Area II is similar to I, except that the deliverable liquid is conditioned to a temperature below 36.7°R to a low of 25 R, the freezing point of liquid hydrogen. Two procedures can be employed to obtain such fluid ... 

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