Von Fraunhofer, Joseph

The science of spectroscopy is rooted in the work of Joseph von Fraunhofer, a German physicist. He separated sunlight into its component colors using high quality diffraction gratings and prisms. In 1814, he discovered hundreds of dark lines in the sun s spectrum, now called Fraunhofer lines. He could not, however, explain their source. Scientists know now that the lines are caused by elements near the sun s surface absorbing radiation produced in the sun s interior. 

Fraunhofer Institute for Chemical Technology, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Str. 7, D-76327 Pfinztal, Germany... 

Over ten years later Joseph von Fraunhofer, still under 30, introduced a lens from a theodolite to follow a prism and saw, for the first time, those dark lines... 

Fraunhofer-lnstitut fur Chemische Technologie Joseph-von-Fraunhoferstr. 7 D-76318 Pfinztal 1 (Berghausen), F.R.G... 

Spectrum of Belief Joseph von Fraunhofer and the Craft of Precision Optics... 

Fraunhofer, J. von. Kurze Berichte von den Resultaten neuer Versuche iiber die Gesetze des Licht, und die Theorie Derselben. [Short communications on the results of new experiments on the principles of light and its theory.] Denkschriften der kontglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Munchen 8, p. 1. (1821-1822) Gilberts Annalen der Physik 74, 337-378 (1823). English translation Ames, J. S. Prismatic and Diffraction Spectra. Memoirs by Joseph von Fraunhofer, pp. 11-38. Harper New York, London (1898). 

Scientists use a spectroscope in this process. The spectroscope was invented in 1814 by German physicist Joseph von Fraunhofer (1787— 1826). Forty years later, German chemists Robert Bunsen (1811—1899) and Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (1824—1887) improved on the instrument. They showed how it could be used to study the chemical elements. 

The spectroscope was invented in 1814 by German physicist Joseph von Fraunhofer (1787—1826). Forty years later, German chemists Robert... 

Later, German physicist Joseph von Fraunhofer (1787-1826) discovered dark lines [1] and with the advent of more sophisticated optics he was able to attribute these lines (bands) to characteristic wavelengths. An early practical example of this is the separation and identification of lithium (Li) and strontium (Sr) in solution. In the Li and Sr example, one line or band is the wavelength for Li and the other for Sr. However, it is worth noting here that Li+ emits only one waveband while Sr emits several and despite this they are still identifiable for each element. Elements giving multiple colours (as calcium, above) illustrated the presence of several lines associated with a particular element. Kirchhoff and Fraunhofer were the first to observe these lines that are now assigned to wavelengths in modern spectroscopy. 

Prof. Dr. Peter Eyerer Dr. Christof Hiibner Fraunhofer-Institut fiir Chemische Technologie ICT Joseph-von-Fraimhofer Str. 7 76327 Pfinztal Germany... 

In a lamp filled with sodium gas, a voltage applied to electrodes at either end of the tube causes electrons to detach from the anode and accelerate toward the cathode. The electrons collide with the sodium vapor atoms, providing the energy for electrons within the sodium atoms to jump to higher levels. The atoms rapid decay back to their ground state, with the simultaneous emission of photons, is called D-line emission simply because of an early alphabetical designation for various solar spectral lines observed by the German physicist Joseph von Fraunhofer (1787-1826). 

German optician Joseph von Fraunhofer is born on March 6 in Straubing, Bavaria. 

Joseph von Fraunhofer invents the spectroscope and discovers numerous dark lines in the Suns spectrum, which he is unable to explain, but which are now called Fraunhofer lines. 

Joseph von Fraunhofer dies on June 7 in Munich, Germany... 

Fraunhofer lines absorption lines in the Sun s spectrum discovered by Joseph von Fraunhofer. 

G.A.S. Gesellschaft fiir analytische Sensorsysteme mbH Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Strasse 13 44227 Dortmund Germany... 

Joseph von Fraunhofer, Versuche liber die Ursachen des Anlaufens und Mattwerdens des... 

Diffraction Gratings. The diffraction grating was invented by Joseph von Fraunhofer (1787-1826). The word diffraction implies effects produced by cutting off portions of wave fronts. A diffraction grating may be used either in transmission or reflection, but the dispersion of incident wavelengths depends upon the geometry of the grating. 

Late 1700s. Joseph von Fraunhofer (1787-1826), a German mirror maker and student of glassmaking technology, produced optical quality glasses for telescopes and microscopes. (Fraunhofer diffraction and the Fraunhofer Institutes are named in his honor.)... 

Eraunhofer-Institut fiir Chemische Technologic ICT, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer StraBe 7, 76327 Pfinztai, Germany... 

The discovery that the sun and the stars are made up of the same chemical elements as the Earth is probably one of the earliest and greatest achievements of spectroscopy and its application to astronomical objects. In the last century the detailed and thorough work of Joseph von Fraunhofer whose 200th birthday has just occured (6. March 1787), led in 1814 to the discovery of more than 700 sharp absorption lines in the spectrum of the sun (Fraunhofer 1817) and in 1823 to the discovery of the strongest of these lines also in several stars. The identification of... 

This was followed hy contrihuflons of Joseph von Fraunhofer, who used a telescope and thereby created the first spectrometer, as a tool for seeing the different components of radiation. In 1868, Angstrom (Figure 9.4b) measured 1,000 Fraunhofer lines and expressed their wavelength using the unit 0.0000000001 meters (10 ° m), which is now called 1 A after his name, and serves to gauge the dimension of atomic and molecular size. 

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