Alphabetical designs

The procedure described above is what Pedersen characterized as a synthesis by method Pedersen s alphabetical designations (see Sect. 3.1) are rarely used, but... 

Gamberger et al. made these positive features mathematically quantifiable, by using alphabetic designations that allow simultaneous assessment of several of the conditions AI—III or BI-V. 

A letter notation has been given to the different orbital angular momentum states by optical spectroscopists. In this notation an I = 0 state is called an s state (not to be confused with the v used as u quantum number for spin, and which can usually he distinguished from die way it is used), an I = I stale is a p stale an I = 2 a d state, an 1 = 3 state an f stale, with consecutively higher letters above / in the alphabet designating each succeeding value of / A number often accompanies the state designation to indicate the appropriate value of n. For example, a ip level is un n = 3. I = I stale. 

Six further alkaloids were isolated in quantities insufficient for complete or accurate characterization and were given the alphabetical designations F, H (a pseudoindoxyl), I, J, K, and N (27). 

There are 89 main classes which are divided into alphabetically designated subclasses, further subdivided into numerical groups. The total number of groups is about 8000. 

It was only in 1956, a hundred years after the isolation of taxine, that Graf in WUrzburg showed by electrophoresis that taxine is actually a mixture of several compounds [20], By column chromatography on buffered silica gel he obtained three constituents in a pure state taxine A (1%), taxine B (30%) and taxine C (traces), the alphabetical designation presumably referring to their order of isolation [20]. 

In a lamp filled with sodium gas, a voltage applied to electrodes at either end of the tube causes electrons to detach from the anode and accelerate toward the cathode. The electrons collide with the sodium vapor atoms, providing the energy for electrons within the sodium atoms to jump to higher levels. The atoms rapid decay back to their ground state, with the simultaneous emission of photons, is called D-line emission simply because of an early alphabetical designation for various solar spectral lines observed by the German physicist Joseph von Fraunhofer (1787-1826). 

To obtain narrower confidence intervals for the model s coefficients, designs that minimize some function of the values of the elements of the dispersion matrix have been suggested. These designs are collectively known as alphabetical designs, and differ according to the minimizing criterion on which they are based (Box and Draper, 1987 Aguiar et al., 1995). 

The classification can be extended to amoeboid, dendritic, or dotlike types, but these terms are self-descriptive and need for alphabetic designations appears unnecessary. Thus one might symbolize a belite grain as Type AE, meaning that it has normal lamellae and they extend into the matrix or Type CF, indicating a complex internal structure and satellite crystals, etc. Designations of polymorph variety in the writer s classification are not intended, but polymorph variety and abundance are of major significance. 

Alphabetic ratings that define the design speed capabiUty of the tire.The letter is incorporated into the size description of the tire, for example a 195/75SR14 has a speed rating of S. Tables of speed ratings and corresponding alphabetic designations are published by the Tire Rim Association (Table XI). 

Energies and constants (cm " ) of observed states of DyO. Some of the upper states without alphabet designates that these states were not observed by Linton et al. (1986). Reproduced from Linton et al. (1986). 

TEMA uses alphabetical designation to differentiate between various types of frequently used components. This is illustrated in Fig. 14.1. The components can be interchanged to form a wide variety of heat exchanger configurations, as shown in Fig. 14.2. 

In addition to the actinomycins hsted above the alphabetical designations AA, AC, J, M, K and Z have been employed by other investigators to designate actinomycin preparations isolated by them (Sarlet, 1950 Sarlet, Toussaint and Brasseur, 1951 Hirata and Nakanishi, 1949 Craveri, 1956 Bossi, Hutter, Keller-Schierlein, Neipp and Zahner, 1958). Many of these are probably identical with previously described actinomycin preparations despite the use of different alphabetical appellations. The great number of actinomycins and the synonomy of many of the names have made their descriptions difficult. The various actinomycins, their synonomy and their amino acid composition are given in Table 1. 

Alphabetical designations for the chemical and photochemical manipulations on the RC-complex at appropriate temperatures to provide oxidation or selective and sequential reduction of the electron carriers... 

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