Frank light scattering

Frank, R., Frank, L., and Ford, N. C., Molecular characterization using a unified refractive index-light-scattering detector, in Chromatographic Characterization of Polymers, Hyphenated and Multidimensional Techniques, Provder, T., Barth, H. G., and Urban, M. W., Eds., American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., 1995, chap. 9. 

Zhu, K. Neale, N. R. Miedaner, A. Frank, A. J. (2007) Enhanced charge-collection efficiencies and light scattering in dye-sensitized solar cells using oriented Ti02 nanotubes arrays. Nano Letters 7 69-74... 

Hemker DJ, Frank CW (1990) Dynamic light-scattering studies of the fractal aggregation of poly(methacrylic acid) and poly(ethylene glycol). Macromolecules 23(20) 4404-4410... 

Because of the difficulty with which polymeric nematic monodomains are prepared, there are few measurements of Leslie viscosities and Frank constants for LCPs reported in the literature. The most complete data sets are for PBG solutions, reported by Lee and Meyer (1990), who dissolved the polymer in a mixed solvent of 18% dioxane and 82% dichloromethane with a few percent added dimethylformamide. Some of these data, measured by light scattering and by the response of the nematic director to an applied magnetic field, are shown in Figs. 11-19 and 11-20 and in Table 11-1. While the twist constant has a value of around K2 0.6 x 10 dyn, which is believed to be roughly independent of concentration and molecular weight, the splay and bend constants ATj and K3 are sensitive to concentration and molecular weight. 

Here nd are elastic constants. The first, is associated with a splay deformation, K2 is associated with a twist deformation and with bend (figure C2.2.11). These three elastic constants are termed the Frank elastic constants of a nematic phase. Since they control the variation of the director orientation, they influence the scattering of light by a nematic and so can be determined from light-scattering experiments. Other techniques exploit electric or magnetic field-induced transitions in well-defined geometries (Freedericksz transitions, see section (C2.2.4.1I [20, M]. 

Frank R, Frank L, Ford NC. Molecular characterization using a unified refractive index-light-scattering intensity detector. In Provder T, Urban MW, Barth HG, editors. Chromatographic Characterization of Polymers. Advanced Chemical Series 247. Washington, DC Oxford University Press 1995. p 109-121. 

There are other reports on the study of pretransitional dynamics in polymeric and lyotropic nematics. Quantitative measurements of ratios of Frank elastic constants and Leslie viscosities in the pretransitional range of poly-y-benzyl-glutamate polymeric nematic are reported by Taratuta et al. [85]. McClymer and Keyes [86-88] report light scattering studies of pretransitional dynamics of potassium laurate-decanol-D20 system. An interesting study of a magnetic-field induced I N phase transition in a colloidal suspension is reported by Tang and Fraden [89]. 

Polymeric liquid crystal Frank elasticity and light scattering", Mol. Crvst. Lett.. 34, n 8, 177 (1977). 

Schuler, J., J. Frank, W. Saenger, and Y. Georgahs. 1999. Thermally induced aggregation of human transferrin receptor studied by light-scattering techniques. Biophysical Journal 77 (2) 1117-1125. 

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