Fragmentation shattering

When an explosive detonates, tremendous pressure is released practically instantaneously in a shock wave which exists only a fraction of a second at any given place. The subsequent expansion of gases performs work but the sudden pressure thus created will shatter rather than displace any object in its path. The ability of an expl to demolish(fragment, shatter) a solid object (such as steel, concrete, stone) when fired in direct contact with it or in its vicinity is called brisance (from the French "briser = to break or shatter). 

Fragments Generated by Complete Shattering of Spherical Vessel Pressurized by an Inert ideal Gas... 

Sphtter-ung, /. shattering, etc. (see sphttern). -wirkung, /. splinter effect, fragmentation effect. 

Cyanogen bromide is moderately endothermic (AH°f (g) +50 kJ/mol, 0.47 kJ/g) and shows evidence of instability. The plastic cap of a bottle stored in a laboratory for several years on a high shelf, occasionally at 31°C, shattered and drove fragments into the shelf above [1]. This instability was confirmed, and a procedure outlined to obviate the use of the bromide in autoanalysis by generating cyanogen chloride on demand from Chloramine-T and potassium cyanide [2], A 50 wt% solution of the bromide in chloroform is a stable and convenient form for use [3], See Cyanogen chloride... 

Detonation failures in pipe networks are always downstream from the ignition source. They usually occur at pipe elbows or other pipe constrictions, such as valves. Blast pressures can shatter an elbow into many small fragments. A detonation in light-gauge ductwork can tear the duct along seams and can also produce a large amount of structural distortion in the torn ducts. 

Droplet Formation in Water Atomization. In water atomization of melts, liquid metal stream may be shattered by impact of water droplets, rather than by shear mechanism. When water droplets at high velocities strike the liquid metal stream, some liquid metal fragments are knocked out by the exploding steam packets originated from the water droplets and subsequently contract into spheroidal droplets under the effect of surface tension if spheroidization time is less than solidification time. It is assumed that each water droplet may be able to knock out one or more metal droplet. However, the actual number of metal droplets produced by each water droplet may vary, depending on operation conditions, material properties, and atomizer designs. 

Bombs shatter and scatter the scene debris will contain fragments of the explosive device, any container in which it was held, and also the remains of items which were in immediate proximity. The size of such fragments wiU depend on the explosive performance and device size, as will the degree of fragment scatter and the chance of recovery of evidentially significant items. A preHminary search should be made to identify and recover any obvious evidential items. Arrangements should then be made to recover the bomb scene debris for more detailed searching. 

Detonation (and Explosion), Mechanical Effects of. These include blast effects, which are described in Vol 2 of Encycl, pp B180 ff and shattering effect, described in Vol 2, pp B265 ff, under BRISANCE. The latter effect causes fragmentation of bombs, shells, grenades, rockets, mines, torpedoes,etc... 

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