Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy temperature-change FTIR

Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and pH measurements are the techniques most often adapted for in-line IPC. pH measurements are used for reactions that are run in water or have an aqueous component, e.g., an aqueous extraction. FTIR is especially good for monitoring continuous reactions [12] and reactions that would be dramatically changed by exposure to the atmosphere and temperature of the laboratory. Suitable reactions include low-temperature reactions, reactions run under pressure, reactions with gaseous or toxic materials (e.g., ethylene oxide), and reactions run under inert atmosphere. Further advantages of in-line assays are that no samples need to be prepared, and assay results can be generated within minutes. 

Specular reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, performed with the beam striking the sample at 45- from the surface normal, was also used for in situ studies of the catalytic reaction. This technique makes it possible to observe changes in the gasphase composition [4-5]. The broad band reflectivity of the overlayer can be used to obtain the composition of a thin oxide film [6], Infrared spectra have been obtained from polycrystalline samples and from Cu(llO). The former samples are akin to the ones used for mass spectrometric studies. Distinguished from those studies our FTIR work was performed with a reaction vessel at room temperature. The sample was in this case resistively heated by tantalum wires. This combination separates the gas temperature from the temperature of the catalyst. The temperature of the impinging molecules is a... 

The physical, chemical and structural changes created in stabilization can be detected by various analyzing techniques include X-ray diffraction (XRD), Differential scanning calorimetery (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, which can be considered as standard evaluation techniques for the extent of stabilization [14, 21, 22]. In this study, different methods are employed to measure stabilization index of electrospun PAN nanofibers after heat treating to obtain the desired conditions for stabilizing temperature, dwell time and heating rate. 

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