Forces of inertia

Tragheits-kraft, /. force of inertia, -mittel-punkt, m. center of inertia, -moment, w. moment of inertia,... 

Setback Force. The rearward force of inertia which is created by a forward acceleration of a projectile or missile during its launching phase. This force causes arming and eventual functioning of fuzes... 

Set Forward Force or Impact Force. The forward force of inertia which is created by the deceleration of a projectile, missile or bomb in flight or when impact occurs. It causes relative forward movement of some parts of am-... 

Think of yourself as being drawn forward by your goal or purpose, and being drawn back by forces of inertia which make it feel more desirable to stay in your present state. 

Satback Acceleration. Setback is the relative rearward force of component parts in a projectile, missile, or fuze undergoing forward acceleration during its firing or launching. This tendency to move is caused by the setback force, the rearward force of inertia that is created by the forward acceleration of the projectile or missile. The force is directly proportional to the acceleration and mass of the parts being accelerated... 

In addition to this very specific acceleration that causes setback, there are several other accelerations of similar magnitude to which this discussion applies. The axial force in the direction opposite to setback has been designated as setforward. It is the forward force of inertia that is created when a projectile, missile, or bomb decelerates. Deceleration occurs on water entry and target impact. Setforward also occurs when projectiles are rammed into an automatic weapon. Present point-detonating, time, and proximity fuzes will withstand about 1000 g setforward. While weapon designers would like to double or triple the ram velocity, present fuzes cannot survive this force (Ref 8)... 

Polymer processing flows are always laminar and generally creeping type flows. A creeping flow is one in which viscous forces predominate over forces of inertia and acceleration. Classic examples of such flows include those treated by the hydrodynamic theory of lubrication. For these types of flows, the second term on the left-hand side of Eq. 2.5-18 vanishes, and the Equation of motion reduces to ... 

In microscale channels, the viscous forces dominate the inertial effect resulting in a low Reynolds numbers. Hence, laminar flow behavior is dominant and mixing occurs via diffusion. However, in a liquid-liquid system, the interfacial forces acting on the interface add complexity to the laminar flow as the relationship between interfacial forces and other forces of inertia and viscous results in a variety of interface and flow patterns. Gunther and Jensen [202] illustrated this relationship as a function of the channel dimension and velocity as shown in Figure 4.12. The most regularly shaped flow pattern is achieved when interfacial forces dominate over inertia and viscous forces at low Reynolds numbers, as represented in Figure 4.12 by the area below the yellow plane [202,203]. 

The gas flow is turbulent when Re > 5,400 the forces of inertia overtake the forces of friction, creating turbulence. 

In fluid mechanics, the flow of gas along a wall is modeled by the formation of boundary layers with gradients of temperature, reactant species concentration, and gas flow speed. These various boundary layers are generally stacked. The boundary layer related to the gas flow speed gradient models the transition from the null speed at the surface of the substrate to the full speed of gas. It is noted 6 and expressed in terms of parameters that reflect the forces of inertia and viscosity by ... 

Slippage occurs as a result of the force of inertia acting on the adsorbate during the vibrational motion of the crystal. The force of inertia, F, is extremely weak ( 10 dyne per atom) [39] and cannot, by itself, move an adsorbed species over the lateral energy barriers of the adsorbate-substrate potential [39]. However, this force decreases the barriers in the direction of F that leads to a thermally activated drift of the adsorbate in the direction oppo-... 

Particles with size close to that of a large particles, are primarily affected by forces of inertia, especially important at the beginning of the flow process when fluid flow is directed away from the axis along which the large particle settles (Fig. VII-16). These forces cause the particles to approach each other, while molecular (or electrostatic) forces, responsible for particle deposition, act only at very short distances. Theoretical and experimental studies indicated that upon sedimentation of very coarse particles, the particles that are either close to them in size, or those much smaller are the ones that are most effectively entrapped [53,57]. For the former class of particles the... 

Fig. VII-16. The entrapment of smaller particles by a settling large particle due to the action of forces of inertia.

The process of approach of a particle to a bubble surface undergoes qualitative changes when the distance between them diminishes compared with the particle size. At large distances this process is determined by two factors the forces of inertia and the long-range hydrodynamic interaction. 

A sufficiently large particle moves linearly under the effect of the forces of inertia until it collides with the bubble surface, which takes place if the target distance b < a +Up (Fig. 10.1),... 

It is an intriguing fact that nucleons in nuclei, electrons in atoms, as well as large cosmic objects such as solar systems and ev galaxies, are more dominated by rotational than by linear motion, although in our daily life the latter seems to be a more common phenomenon. In rotation there is a balance between two forces the centrifugal force of inertia, which tries to move a body away from a center point, and an attractive force (gravitational, electrostatic, etc.), which opposes the separation. 

On the right-hand side, a negative term appears that acts against the forces of inertia. We can interpret the right-hand side as the start of a series expansion, with the zeroth-order differential with respect to time being zero. A similar treatment as before results in... 

As a rule, the force of inertia is small in comparison with the viscous force, and therefore the hydrodynamic equations may be reduced to Stokes equations appropriate to hydrodynamics at small Reynolds numbers. 

According to Arndt, the forces of inertia exceed the forces due to friction, separation, and shearing when the critical cutting speed of approximately Vc = 8,000 m/min is reached. Sutter and Molinari identify this border velocity... 

F. Investigations on the Forces of Inertia of the Mobiie ions in Soiid ionic Conductors... 

The sum of all forces acting on the silver ions must be zero. In this case the essential forces are the electrical force and the force of inertia. Quantitatively the electrical charge e multiplied by the electrical fields strength E is equal to the mass m of the silver ions multiplied by the acceleration a ... 

The particle weight is considerably smaller (by several orders of magnitude) than the force of adhesion and can be neglected. In the boundary layer (see Fig. X.l, p. 308), the drag force drops off sharply (hence, detachment of particles takes place at velocities considerably greater than the velocities for particle deposition). After contact, the force of inertia disappears. Then the condition for attachment of particles, Eq. (IX. 1), if Ffj = 0, can be represented in the following form ... 

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