Force joint

Joint Army-Navy-NASA-Air Force Joint air-to-surface stand-off missile Joint Services Guide... 

Source Departments of the Army, Navy, and Air Force, and Commandant, Marine Corps. Treatment of Chemical Agent Casualties and Conventional Military Chemical Injuries. Washington, DC HQ DA, DN, DAF, Commandant, MC 22 Dec 95 3-1. Field Manual 8-285, NAVMED P-5041, Air Force Joint Manual 44-149, Fleet Marine Force Manual 11-11. ... 

Software System Safety Handbook, 2010. Joint Services Computer Resources Management Group U.S. Navy, U.S. Army, and the U.S. Air Force, Joint Services Software Safety Committee, Joint Services System Safety Panel. Electronic Industries Association, G-48 Committee. https //acc.dau.miPCommunityBrowser.aspx id=683698. 

Keywords Mechanical properties and functions Knee kinematics ACL force Joint force and moment Gait analysis... 

The usual practical situation is that in which two solids are bonded by means of some kind of glue or cement. A relatively complex joint is illustrated in Fig. XII-14. The strength of a joint may be measured in various ways. A common standard method is the peel test in which the normal force to separate the joint... 

Stress and Distortion. The forces acting on a stmcture are transmitted through the welded joints that is, the joint is subjected to simple tension (or compression), bending, shear, or torsional stresses, or to combinations of these stresses owing to combined loading situations. Weldments must be of a proper size, length, and location to withstand the loads imposed during service. 

The principal type of shear test specimen used in the industry, the lap shear specimen, is 2.54 cm wide and has a 3.23-cm overlap bonded by the adhesive. Adherends are chosen according to the industry aluminum for aerospace, steel for automotive, and wood for constmction appHcations. Adhesive joints made in this fashion are tested to failure in a tensile testing machine. The temperature of test, as weU as the rate of extension, are specified. Results are presented in units of pressure, where the area of the adhesive bond is considered to be the area over which the force is appHed. Although the 3.23-cm ... 

Dual-beUows assembhes, ie, universal-type expansion joints, are particularly vulnerable to squirm, and can experience elastic squirm at one-fourth the pressure of an individual bellows. When large amounts of offset are encountered, as is often the design basis, a pinwheel effect occurs because of unbalanced pressure forces. This effect tends to rotate the center-spool pipe which may lead to bellows mpture. Eor this reason the center spool should always be stabilized by hinges or tie-rod lugs to prevent such rotation. 

The bearing surface of each joint is cushioned by cartilage. This tissue minimizes friction. The cartilage also reduces force on the bone by absorbing shock. The joint area is a narrow space known as an articular cavity which allows freedom of movement. 

Bone Fractures. A dislocation occurs when sudden pressure or force pulls a bone out of its socket at the joint. This is also known as subluxation. Bone fractures are classified into two categories simple fractures and compound, complex, or open fractures. In the latter the skin is pierced and the flesh and bone are exposed to infection. A bone fracture begins to heal nearly as soon as it occurs. Therefore, it is important for a bone fracture to be set accurately as soon as possible. 

The modulus of elasticity can also influence the adhesion lifetime. Some sealants may harden with age as a result of plasticizer loss or continued cross-linking. As a sealant hardens, the modulus increases and more stress is placed on the substrate—sealant adhesive bond. If modulus forces become too high, the bond may faH adhesively or the substrate may faH cohesively, such as in concrete or asphalt. In either case the result is a faHed joint that wHl leak. 

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