Shock waves force generated

Ducted rockets are intermediate between solid rockets and liquid ramjets in their propulsion characteristics. The propulsive force of soHd rockets is generated by the combustion of propellants composed of oxidizer and fuel components. Thus, no additional fuels or oxidizers need to be introduced from the atmosphere into the rocket motor. The momentum change of the exhaust gas from the nozzle attached to the aft-end of the combustion chamber is converted into the thrust for propulsion. On the other hand, the propulsive force of Hquid ramjets is generated by the combustion of a liquid hydrocarbon fuel with air introduced from the atmo-sphere.Ii] jjjg incoming air is compressed by a shock wave formed at the air-intake attached to the front end of the combustor. The air taken in from the atmosphere serves only as the oxidizer for the ramjets. The thrust is created by the momentum difference between the exhaust gas from the combustor and the air taken in from the atmosphere. 

The use of sound waves to destroy kidney stones is based on the destructive force generated when a shock wave in fluid suddenly hits a substance that has different properties, such as a kidney stone. The shock waves pass efficiently through fluid mediums and can be focused so they strike small objects. 

Hydraulic hammer, or the shock wave generated by the rapid change in the flowrate of liquids within a pipe or vessel, has a serious and negative impact on all components of the process system. For example, instantaneously closing a large flow-control valve may generate in excess of three million foot-pounds of force on the entire system upstream of the valve. This shock wave can cause catastrophic failure of upstream valves, pumps, welds, and other system components. 

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