5-fluorouracil therapy

Thymidylate synthase protein expression in the primary tumor is not a useful predictor for either thymidylate synthase protein expression or response to 5-fluorouracil therapy in metastatic disease (52,53). Similarly, concordance rates for expression of HER family members ranges from 79% to 56% between primary breast cancer and matched distant... 

Gibson TB. Polymorphisms in the thymidylate synthase gene predict response to 5-fluorouracil therapy in colorectal cancer. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2006 5 321-323. 

Misset B, Escudier B, Leclercq B, Rivara D, Rougier P, Nitenberg G. Acute myocardiotoxicity during 5-fluorouracil therapy. Intensive Care Med 1990 16(3) 210-11. 

Aziz SA, Tramboo NA, Mohi-ud-Din K, Iqbal K, Jalal S, Ahmad M. Supraventricular arrhythmia a complication of 5-fluorouracil therapy. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 1998 10(6) 377-8. 

Straus DJ, Mausolf FA, Ellerby RA, McCracken JD. Cicatricial ectropion secondary to 5-fluorouracil therapy. Med Pediatr Oncol 1977 3(1) 15-19. 

Hassan A, Hurwitz JJ, Burkes RL. Epiphora in patients receiving systemic 5-fluorouracil therapy. Can J Ophthalmol 1998 33(1) 14-19. 

Biran S, krasnokuki D, Brufman G. [Life-threatening gastrointestinal toxicity during 5-fluorouracil therapy.] Harefuah 1977 93(3-4) 77. 

Pujol RM, Rocamora V, Lopez-Pousa A, Taberner R, Alomar A. Persistent supravenous erythematous eruption a rare local comphcation of intravenous 5-fluorouracil therapy. J Am Acad Dermatol 1998 39(5 Pt 2) 839-42. 

Lee A, Ezzeldin H, Fourie J, et al. Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency impact of pharmacogenetics on 5-fluorouracil therapy. Clin Adv Hematol Oncol 2004 2 527-532. 

Davis DA, Fugate SE, Increasing warfarin dosage reductions associated widi concurrent warfarin and repeated cycles of 5-fluorouracil therapy. Pharmaco erapy (2005) 25, 442-7. 

Ikeda K, Terashima H Kawamura H, Takiyama I, Koeda K, Takagane A, Sato N, Ishida K, Iwaya T, h esawa C, Yoshinari H, Saito K. Pharmacokinetics of cisplatin in conbined cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil therapy a comparative study of three different schedules of cii latin -ministration. JpwJCfiw Oico/(1998) 28,168-75. 

Riehl JL, Brown WJ. Acute cerebellar syndrome secondary to 5-fluorouracil therapy. Neurology 1964 14 961-7. 

Chansky K, Benedetti J, Macdonald JS. Differences in toxicity between men and women treated with 5-fluorouracil therapy for colorectal carcinoma. Cancer 2005 103 (6) 1165-71. 

Unlabeled Uses In mouthwash following fluorouracil therapy to prevent stomatitis... 

Brink HM, Beex LV. Punctal and canalicular stenosis associated with systemic fluorouracil therapy. Report of five cases and review of the literature. Doc Ophthalmol 1995 90 1-6. British Photodermatology Group. British photo dermatology group guidelines for PUV A. NR J Dermatol 1994 130 246-255. 

Ankyloblepharon (adherence of the eyelids resulting in narrowing of palpebral apertures) was reported in a 59-year-old man during fluorouracil therapy for metastatic adenocarcinoma of the stomach (74). It appeared that bilateral conjunctival ulcers, secondary to fluorouracil and ulcerative blepharitis, resulted in ankyloblepharon. Withdrawal of chemotherapy resulted in improvement and re-initiation of therapy resulted in recurrence of ocular lesions. 

Thrombocjdopenia has occnrred during fluorouracil therapy but is much less frequent than leukopenia (59). 

In two cases the diarrhea and colitis associated with fluorouracil therapy were caused by toxigenic Clostridium difficile. Both patients responded to oral vancomycin (95). 

Two types of skin rashes occur with fluorouracil. The more common form involves erythema of exposed skin areas. With continued fluorouracil therapy the skin becomes hyperpigmented, thin, and atrophic (82). Patients treated with fluorouracil also have an increased susceptibility to sunburn (104). Less commonly (about 1.5%), a severe seborrheic pruritic dermatitis occurs (82). These rashes are usually reversible on withdrawal of fluorouracil. Acute, painful, swollen, and self-limiting erythema of the hands and soles has been reported in association with protracted infusion of fluorouracil (105). 

Partial reversible alopecia is common after systemic fluorouracil therapy (84). 

Diffuse blue superficial pigmentation, onycholysis, dystrophy, pain and thickening of the nail bed, transverse striations, paronychial inflammation, hyperpigmentation, and nail loss have all been reported with fluorouracil therapy (120-122). It has further been reported that the blue pigment may be scraped off (120). 

Rezkalla S, Kloner RA, Ensley J, al-Sarraf M, Revels S, Olivenstein A, Bhasin S, Kerpel-Fronious S, Turi ZG. Continuous ambulatory ECG monitoring during fluorouracil therapy a prospective study. J Clin Oncol 1989 7(4) 509-14. 

I Irinotecan. Two important trials have delineated an appropriate standard of care for patients who experience disease progression with fluorouracil therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer. The results of these trials demonstrate a survival benefit associated with irinotecan, which was approved by the FDA in 1996, as second-line therapy for recurrent or progressive disease following fluorouracil. In phase n studies of previously treated patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, objective response rates of 13% to 27% have been observed. ... 

Stern WH, Lewis GP, Erickson PA, et al. Fluorouracil therapy for proliferative vitreo-retinopathy after vitrectomy. Am J Ophthalmol 1983 96 33 42. 

Burnett (60 -) describes 4 patients who developed prolonged telangiectasia and herpes labialis after topical fluorouracil therapy. 

Burnett, J. W. (1975) Two unusual complications of topical fluorouracil therapy. Arch. Derm., Ill, 398. 

One commonly used agent is the antimetabolite 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), which is frequently used as an adjuvant therapy in conjunction with surgical excision in the treatment of solid tumors. p53 can directly trigger apoptosis in cells exposed to 5-FU in vitro [1]. In addition, there is a substantial amount of clinical... 

Note that application in the particular indications is usually restricted either to patients expressing the target (e.g. trastuzumab, cetuximab, lapatinib, imatinib) and/or after failure of prior therapies (e.g. cetuximab, erlotinib, lapatinib, sutinib, dasatinib). Furthermore, for cancer treatment most tyrosine kinase inhibitors are applied in combination with conventional chemotherapeutic drugs, such as fluorouracil, taxanes, platin-based regimens, anthracylines and irinotecan or radiotherapy. 

Pregnancy Agents contraindicated in pregnancy include podofilox, fluorouracil, and podophyllin. Imiquimod is not approved for use in pregnancy, although it has been considered after signed consent has been obtained. Bichloroacetic and trichloroacetic acid have been used without problems. Ablative therapy is also a viable option. 

Cytotoxic drugs that have been used alone and in combination as adjuvant therapy in breast cancer include doxorubicin, epirubicin, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, fluorouracil,... 

Triple -drug therapy consisting of 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin with oxaliplatin or irinotecan improves survival compared with 5-fluorouracil plus leucovorin alone and is... 

Adjuvant therapy consisting of 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy in combination with radiation therapy should be offered to patients with stage II or III cancer of the rectum. 

Fluorouracil-based chemotherapy is the standard of care for the adjuvant treatment of colorectal cancer either as a single agent or, more commonly, in combination with other agents. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) alone results in a small improvement in survival that can vary based on the method of 5-FU administration. Studies suggest that protracted or continuous intravenous (IV) 5-FU infusion treatment schedules are more effective than bolus therapy.20... 

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