Fluoropolymers ionomer

For instance, the Dow experimental membrane and the recently introduced Hyflon Ion E83 membrane by Solvay-Solexis are "short side chain" (SSC) fluoropolymers, which exhibit increased water uptake, significantly enhanced proton conductivity, and better stability at T > 100°C due to higher glass transition temperatures in comparison to Nafion. The membrane morphology and the basic mechanisms of proton transport are, however, similar for all PFSA ionomers mentioned. The base polymer of Nation, depicted schematically in Figure 6.3, consists of a copolymer of tetrafluoro-ethylene, forming the backbone, and randomly attached pendant side chains of perfluorinated vinyl ethers, terminated by sulfonic acid head groups. °... 

They are developing high-performance MEAs using candidate materials for improving power density such as high lEC ionomers, new ionomers with high oxygen solubility, and soluble fluoropolymers (Cytop) [91]. 

Ionomer with high O2 solubility in High O2 permeability — Soluble fluoropolymer... 

The first two books of the series cover commercial fluoropolymers (ethylinic) the third book focuses on their applications in the chemical processing industries. The fourth book deals with fluoroelastomers, the fifth with fluorinated coatings and finishes, and the sixth book is about fluorinated ionomers such as Nafion . 

To enhance membrane mechanical and hydro-thermal stability, Jiang et al. prepared a blend of side-chain sulfonated PFCB block copolymer and a PVDF fluoropolymer [129]. The chemical structure of the side-chain sulfonated PFCB ionomer is shown in Scheme 6.32. They evaluated the membrane s fiandamental properties, such as proton conductivity, gas permeability, water uptake, and... 

Main fluoromaterial applications for the current energy storage technologies are listed in Table 17.5. Most of the processes using fluoropolymers in energy transformation are related to hydrogen economy and the PFSA (perfluorosulfonic acid) ionomers. 

In this chapter, we describe a variety of methodologies for applying multidimensional NMR (mostly 2D- and some 3D-NMR) for the characterization of fluoropolymers. Space limitations preclude a comprehensive survey of the literature. Instead, a few of the primary methodologies are described involving combined use of multidimensional NMR methods for structure elucidation. Then, a selected group of papers were reviewed to illustrate the applications of these methodologies to the characterization of some of the most common classes of fluoropolymers, including homo- and copolymers with poly(vinylidene fluoride), fluorinated polyethers, fluori-nated ionomers, poly(vinyl fluoride) and its copolymers, and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and its copolymers. 

The other expensive component is the ionomer membrane (Nafion or similar fluoropolymers). At 500 per m this is prohibitively expensive, resulting in more than 70 per kilowatt. Membrane manufacturers estimate that for every two orders of magnitude increase in manufacturing volume the price may be cut in half. 

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