Fluorine chemical reactivity

Figure C2.13.7. Change between polymerizing and etching conditions in a fluorocarbon plasma as detennined by tire fluorine-to-carbon ratio of chemically reactive species and tire bias voltage applied to tire substrate surface [36].

The known binary compounds of sulfur and fluorine range in character from ephemeral to rock-like and provide excellent examples of the influence of electronic and stmctural factors on chemical reactivity. These marked differences are also reflected in the diversified technological utiUty. 

Substitution of fluorine into an organic molecule results in enhanced chemical stabiUty. The resulting chemical reactivity of adjacent functional groups is drastically altered due to the large inductive effect of fluorine. These effects become more pronounced as the degree of fluorine substitution is increased, especially on the same carbon atom. This effect demonstrates a maximum in fluorocarbons and their derivatives. 

Fluorinated Alkanes. As the fluorine content increases, the chemical reactivity decreases until complete fluorination is achieved, after which they are inert to most chemical attack, including the highly reactive element fluorine. Their lack of reactivity leads to their use in certain commercial apphcations where stabiUty is valued when in contact with highly reactive chemicals. 

Flammability (e.g. hydrogen, acetylene, methane), toxicity (e.g. carbon dioxide, fluorine), or chemical reactivity (fluorine, oxygen). 

Chemical Reactivity - Reactivity with Water No reaction Reactivity with Common Materials Reacts violently with aluminum. May cause fire on contact with common materials such as wood, cotton, straw. Iron, steel, stainless steel, and copper are corroded by bromine and will undergo severe corrosion when in contact with wet bromine. Plastics are also degraded/ attacked by bromine except for highly fluorinated plastics which resist attack Stability During Transport Stable Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics Not pertinent Polymerization Not pertinent Inhibitor of Polymerization Not pertinent. 

Of all the elements, fluorine is the most chemically reactive. It combines directly with other elements. Chlorine is slightly less reactive. Both are gases at room temperature which is an important advantage in delivery and metering. Because of their reactivity, they form halides readily, but also attack most materials which makes them difficult to handle and requires equipment designed with inert materials such as Monel or Teflon. Halogens are also toxic, fluorine more so than chlorine by an order of magnitude. 

Presence of P and N Presence of fluorinated alkoxy groups Chemical reactivity and properties modification... 

In a molecule, fluorine atoms influence bond energies, electronic distribution, acidity, hydrogen bonds, steric interactions, and the stability of intermediate entities in a transformation. These factors, which have great influence on chemical reactivity, are examined. 

Modifications of the chemical reactivity generated by the presence of fluorine atoms in a molecule are connected to three main factors the strength of the C— F bond, the electron-withdrawing character of the fluorinated substituents, and the possible loss of a fluoride ion or of HF in the processes of )S-elimination. On these bases and taking into account the ability of fluoro-substituents to sterically or electronically mimic other... 

Fluorination of an organic hydrocarbon compound strongly affects its physical properties and chemical reactivity. General principles that determine the characteristic effects of fluorination will be presented. For reviews in this area, see refs 1-3. 

Antimony(III) halides are chemically reactive, but less so than their phosphorus or arsenic analogues. Antimony(III) chloride forms a clear solution with water, and there is no evidence for Sb3+ ions dilution results in precipitation of insoluble oxychlorides of various compositions, e.g. SbOCl, Sb405a2, SbsOuCl2. Some reactions of SbCl3 are shown in Scheme 3. Antimony(III) fluoride is an important fluorinating agent. 

Organo-fluorine compounds have a diverse, often unanticiptated chemistry. The chemical behavior of fluorinated species is much more comprehensible if the effects of fluorination on reactivity are rationalized. It is the effect of fluorine on reactive intermediates that in turn governs the outcome of reactions. The principal properties of fluorine which have the most profound influence on bonding and, therefore, reactivity are the pronounced electronegativity of fluorine1 and its associated low polarizability,2 the availability of three nonbonded electron pairs, and the excellent overlap that is possible between the 2s and 2p orbitals of fluorine and those of carbon.3... 

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