Fluoride glasses: rare-earth-doped

Active optical properties of rare-earth-doped fluoride glasses... 

Little basic research has been devoted to Yb3+ ion itself which possesses only one excited state [151]. However, as shown previously, this ion is of special interest for a number of energy transfer and up-conversion processes, which take advantage of the strong 2F7/2 — 2F5/2 absorption band of Yb3+. In addition, efficient lasing around 1.02 can be obtained with this ion and laser cooling effects have been observed. These points are developed in the next section devoted to applications of rare-earth-doped fluoride glasses. 

Characteristics of rare-earth-doped ZBLAN fluoride glass fiber lasers, (i) incident, (1) launched, and (a) absorbed pump powers, (uc) up-conversion pumping... 

Rare-earth-doped fluoride glasses are suitable for some other specific applications that require laser transitions at wavelengths greater than 2 pm, efficient up-conversion mechanisms or ultra-high quantum efficiencies. 

M, Mortier, A, Bensalah, G, Dantelle, G, Patriarche, D, Vivien, Rare-earth doped oxyfluoride glass-ceramics and fluoride ceramics Sintesis and optical properties. Opt. Mat., 29, 1263-1270 (2005), Patterning of non-linear optical crystals in glass by laser-induced crystallization, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 90, 699-705 (2007),... 

Murtagh, M.T., Sigel Jr., G.H., Fajardo, J.C., Edwards, B.C., Epstein, R.I., 1999b. Laser-induced fluorescent cooling of rare-earth-doped fluoride glasses. J. Ntm-Cryst. Solids 253 (1 3), 50 57. 

Ballato J., Dejneka M., Riman R.E., Snitzer E., Zhou W. Sol-gel synthesis of rare-earth-doped fluoride glass thin films. J. Mater. Res. 1996 11 841-849 Banks E., Srivastava A.M. Concentration and temperature dependence of divalent europium line emission in BaMgF. J. Electrochem. Soc. 1987 134 1568-1570 Biswas A., Maciel G.S., Friend C.S., Prasad P.N. Upconversion properties ofa transparent Er -Yb co-doped Lap3-Si02 glass-ceramics prepared by sol-gel method. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 2003 316 393-397... 

J. Ballato, M. Dejneka, E. Snitzer, R.E. Riman, W. Zhou, Sol-gel of rare-earth-doped fluoride glass thin films, J. Mater. Res., 11, 841-849 (1996). 

Samarium salts are used in optical glass, capacitors, thermoionic generating devices, and in sensitizers of phosphors. The metal is doped with calcium fluoride crystals for use in lasers. It also is used along with other rare earths for carbon-arc lighting. Its alloys are used in permanent magnets. 

Rare-earth fluorides are good fluorine-ion conductors (see sect 5.2). Addition of aliovalent cations significantly increases the fluorine-ion conductivity even fiulher. For example, single crystals of Lap3 doped with Eup2 are widely used in commercial apphcations of ion-selective electrodes (ISE) as specific electrodes (Frant and Ross 1966). In the field of ISE, only the pH-sensing glass electrode is more widely used. Fluoride-ion detection is important in sea water, water minerals, rocks, fossils and minerals, biomedical applications, potable water and plant and animal metabolism. 

Tick et al. (1995) modified this system by adding Znp2 and YF and doping solely with the rare-earth ion Pr (Table 4-12) at the low level of 0.1 mol%. The luminescent quantum efficiency of Pr emission at the 1300 nm telecommunication band was measured at 7%, an improvement over similar Pr emission from the well-known fluoride glass, ZBLAN , measured at 4%. These glass-ceramics... 

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