Fluorescent classification

Immunoaffinity chromatography (IAC), 6 400—402 12 137, 145 Immunoanalyzers, automated, 14 150 Immunoassay(s), 14 135-159. See also Immunoassay- DNA probe hybrid assays Immunoassay methods Immuno(bio)sensors antibody-antigen reaction, 14 136-138 basic technology in, 14 138-140 chemiluminescent, 14 150-151 classification of, 14 140-153 design of, 14 139-140 enzyme, 14 143-148 fluorescence, 14 148-150 highly specific, 14 153 historical perspective on, 14 136 microarrays and, 14 156—157 microfluidics in, 26 968—969 monoclonal versus polyclonal antibodies in, 14 152-153... 

Keij J, Steinkamp J (1998) Flow cytometric characterization and classification of multiple dual-color fluorescent microspheres using fluorescence lifetime. Cytometry 33 318-323... 

The fluorescent molecular sensors will be presented with a classification according to the nature of the photoinduced process (mainly photoinduced electron or charge transfer, and excimer formation) that is responsible for photophysical changes upon cation binding. Such a classification should help the reader to understand the various effects of cation binding on the fluorescence characteristics reported in many papers. In most of these papers, little attention is often paid to the origin of cation-induced photophysical changes. 

The use of PCA for the classification of both natural and synthetic polymers was demonstrated by Vazquez et al. [119]. In their work, the researchers recorded Totai X-Ray Fluorescence (TXRF) spectra of scleroglucan, xanthan, glucomannan, poly(ethylene oxide), and polyacrylamide and subjected the resulting spectral data to PCA. To the naked eye, the X-ray fluorescence spectra of the polymers look virtually identical. However, when subjected to PCA it could be shown that the first two principal components contain approximately 96% of the variance in the dataset. When plotting the scores of the two components against each other, six distinct clusters are observed, which clearly differentiate the individual polymers. 

Vazquez C, Boeykens S, Bonadeo H (2002) Total reflection X-ray fluorescence polymer spectra classification by taxonomy statistic tools. Talanta 57 1113-1117... 

The classification follows the extent of overlap of the electron cloud of the quencher with the fluorescer molecule. The overlap of -orbital of 08>solvated ions of transition metals >/-orbitals of solvated rare earth ions. 

The above metals are used in many industrial processes. Cadmium, for instance, is plated onto fabricated metal parts to provide corrosion resistance, lubricity and other desirable properties it is used in rechargeable batteries, television and fluorescent light phosphors, inorganic coloring agents for paint, plastic and printing ink, and as a catalyst. Applications of the metals listed above are detailed in Table 2-1, categorized by Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes. These industries are discussed further in Section 4.0. 

In on effort to establish the mechanism of coal flotation and thus establish the basis for an anthracite lithotype separation, some physical and chemical parameters for anthracite lithotype differentiation were determined. The electrokinetic properties were determined by streaming potential methods. Results indicated a difference in the characteristics of the lithotypes. Other physical and chemical analyses of the lithotypes were mode to establish parameters for further differentiation. Electron-microprobe x-ray, x-ray diffraction, x-ray fluorescent, infrared, and density analyses were made. Chemical analyses included proximate, ultimate, and sulfur measurements. The classification system used was a modification of the Stopes system for classifying lithotypes for humic coals. 

Structure, of proteins CD spectral analysis, 219-243 for classification, 274 fluorescence spectroscopy, 245-265... 

Sikorska, E., Gorecki, T., Khmenlinskii, I.V., Sikorski, M., and Koziol, J. 2005. Classification of edible oils using synchronous scanning fluorescence spectroscopy. Food Chem. 89, 217-225. 

Peuravuori, J., Koivikko, R., and Pihlaja, K. (2002b). Characterization, differentiation and classification of aquatic humic matter separated with different sorbents synchronous scanning fluorescence spectroscopy. Water Res. 36,4552-4562. 

Senesi, N., Miano, T. M., Provenzano, M. R., and Brunetti, G. (1991b). Characterization, differentiation, and classification of humic substances by fluorescence spectroscopy. Soil Sci. 152(4), 259-271. 

Figure 8.1 Schematic classification of complexation measurement methods as a function of the perturbations that they can create at the discriminator (sensitive part of the analytical system that enables differentiation of the chemical species of interest from the other components present) and in solution. The compound reacting with the discriminator and the nature of the discriminator are shown in parentheses, a Constant cell volume methods are less perturbing than variable volumes, b Possibility of ligand release by organisms, c Possibility of interactions with the indicator (ligand with suitable absorbance or fluorescence properties added into the test solution in spectro-metric methods), d Possibility of contamination of very dilute media by ISE membranes (redrawn from Buffle, 1988).

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