Fluorescent brightening agents application

In the case of the naphthalimide fluorescent brightening agents (98) the most important commercial derivatives are the 4-alkoxy and 4-acylamino (e.g. R is methoxy). Substituent R is usually an alkyl group or an aminoalkyl group capable of quaternization. Thus the most interesting of the series is 4-methoxy-Af-methylnaphthalimide, which is an excellent product suitable for application to a variety of synthetic fibres. 

M. Zahradnik The Production and Application of Fluorescent Brightening Agents, John Wiley Sons, Chichester 1982. 

Anionic softeners are heat stable at normal textile processing temperatures and compatible with other components of dye and bleach baths. They can easily be washed off and provide strong antistatic effects and good rewetting properties because their anionic groups are oriented outward and are surrounded by a thick hydration layer. Sulfonates are, in contrast to sulfates, resistent to hydrolysis (Fig. 3.3). They are often used for special applications, such as medical textiles, or in combination with anionic fluorescent brightening agents. 

Optical brighteners (fluorescent whitening agents, FWAs) are used primarily in the textile, detergent, and paper industries and are also added to plastics [118], The mode of application and performance requirements differ greatly from one substrate to another, but there are five common basic principles ... 

Triazoles and their benzo derivatives have attracted considerable attention because of their theoretical interest, and synthetic value, as well as for their numerous applications in industry and agriculture due to their extensive biological activities and their successful application as fluorescent whiteners, light stabilizers and optical brightening agents. 

Polymer films applied to wool as shrinkproofing treatments can also be selectively stained with optical brighteners and then detected by fluorescence microscopy. The levelness of their application can also be tested in this way the wool sample is treated with a 0.5% solution of the optical brightening agent Ciba Uvitex BHT 180% for 30 min at 0- 2 °C (cooled with ice) at a liquor ratio of about 1 100, then rinsed three times for half a minute each with cold water and dried. After UV excitation the polymer film can be recognized by its strong blue fluorescence. ... 

Uses Fluorescent pigment/marking agent for stamp and security papers for applic. in the stock, size press, or coating slips fluorescent brightener for aq. inks and coatings... 

In a completely different application, Shimoyama et al. [530] have reported a 3D fluorescence method using quartz fibre optics for the non-destructive determination of colorants on woodblock prints. Cleve et al. [531] have developed an on-line fluorescence spectroscopic method to measure sizing effects and optical brightening agents in polyamide woven fabrics. According to Allen [532] the in situ capability of fluorescence is very viable as a monitoring probe via a fibre optic technique. 

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