Fluorescence toxicity

The toxin profile was different for the Kezar Lake and NH-1 strains or clones of A flos-aouae (Figures IV and V A). When compared with elution profiles from Mvtilus. the NH-1 strain showed only one fluorescent toxic peak (fractions 70 to 80) which corresponded to the Mvtilus peak for STX, and a non-fluorescent but toxic peak (fractions 60 to 70) which corresponded to neo-STX (Figure V A ... 

Dewez D, Marchand M, Eullaffroy P, Popovic R (2002) Evaluation of the effects of di-uron and its derivatives on Lemna gibba using a fluorescence toxicity index. Environ Toxicol 17 493-501... 

Daylight fluorescent pigments (qv) are considered to be nontoxic. Since they are combinations of polymers and dyestuffs, the combined effect of the ingredients must be taken into account when considering the net toxic effect of these materials. Table 5 gives results of laboratory animal toxicity tests of standard modified melamine—formaldehyde-type pigments, the Day-Glo A Series, and the products recommended for plastic mol ding, Day-Glo Z-series. 

SORBTION-X-RAY-FLUORESCENCE DETERMINATION OE TOXIC METALS WITH THEIR PRECONCENTRATION ON COMPLEXING CHEMICAL MODIEIED SILICA... 

Arsenic is both toxic and cai cinogenic element. It is necessary to have a fast, reliable and accurate method for determination of ai senic in water. The hydride-generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HG AFS) is one of the simple and sensitive techniques for the determination of this element in various types of waters. 

Propidium iodide (3,8-diamino-5-(3-diethylaminopropyl)-6-phenylphenantridinium iodide methiodide) [25535-16-4] M 668.4, m 210-230 (dec), pKeskd 4 (aniline NH2), pKesi(2) (EtN2). Recrystd as red crystals from H2O containing a little KI. It fluoresces strongly with nucleic acids. [Eatkins J Chem Soc 3059 7952.] TOXIC. 

New process technologies (Ref 53) such as jet mills (Fig 2) and co-precipitation (Ref 97) may allow safe compounding of sensitive or toxic formulations. New analytical tools such as neutron radiography (Ref 92) afford improved non-destructive testing of devices. X-ray fluorescence (Ref 93) and neutron activation (Ref 94) provide quantitative analysis of pyrotechnic compns and their trace contaminants... 

It is generally necessary to multiply the response obtained from a detection method by a response factor to convert the response into a useful value. For instance, the response of a fluorescence detector would be multiplied by an appropriate factor (y to obtain the concentration of the particular toxin present, or by a different factor (f ) to calculate the toxicity. Since the specific toxicities of the various toxins - the ratios of toxicity to concentration - vary over a broad range, the f and f for a given toxin will generally be different, often greatly so. Furthermore, the f may vary for the different toxins, and the f may also vary. In an analysis, multiplication by the appropriate factor is straightforward because the various components of interest are resolved and the response for each can be multiplied by the appropriate response factor, f or f, for each toxin. Assays, however, present a dilemma. Because the components are not resolved and only one response is obtained, only one response factor can be used. The potential accuracy of an assay is therefore limited principally by the range of response factors to the... 

Of the various chemical assays that have been developed for the saxitoxins (75,76), that described by Bates and Rapoport, based on the oxidation of saxitoxin to a fluorescent derivative, has proved to be the most useful. Other assay methods have been developed from it (77-79). The Bates and Rapoport method is virtually insensitive to the N-l-hydroxyl saxitoxins as originally described and so, like the presently available immunoassays, fails as a general assay for either concentration or toxicity. However, it is quite sensitive for those toxins it does detect and has been the basis for other useful methods. 

Bioluminescence can be used for spedfic detection of separated bioactive compounds on layers (BioTLC) [46]. After development and drying the mobile phase by evaporation, the layer is coated with microorganisms by immersion of the plate. Single bioactive substances in multicomponent samples are located as zones of differing luminescence. The choice of the luminescent cells determines the specificity of detection. A specific example is the use of the marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri with the BioTLC format. The bioluminescence of the bacteria cells on the layer is reduced by toxic substances, which are detected as dark zones on a fluorescent background. BioTLC kits are available from ChromaDex, Inc. (Santa Ana, CA). 

By a strict definition, these electrical and electronic wastes are hazardous. Fluorescent lamps contain mercury, and almost all fluorescents fail the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) toxicity test for hazardous wastes. Fluorescent lamp ballasts manufactured in the mid-1980s contain polychorinated biphenyls (PCBs), a carcinogen most of these ballasts are still in service. Batteries can contain any of a number of hazardous materials, including cadmium (nickel-cadmium... 

Rosen JF, Markowitz ME, Jenks ST, et al. 1987. L-X-ray fluorescence (XRF) A rapid assessment of cortical bone lead (Pb) in Pb-toxic children. Pedia Res 21 287A. 

Toxics Link (2011) Toxics in that glow mercury in compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) in India. Toxics Link, Delhi... 

Amundson SA et al. Fluorescent cDNA microarray hybridisation reveals complexity and heterogeneity of cellular geno-toxic stress responses. Oncogene 1999 18 3666-3672. 

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