Flowsheets example descriptions

A separate table such as the example in Table 15-2 is prepared for each line designation. Each valve is assigned a designation on the flowsheets and explained in this table. The pipe, valves, and fittings table can sp( acceptable valves by manufacturer and model number, by a generic description, or by a combination of the two as shown in the example. It should be pointed out that Tables 15-1 and 15-2 are examples from American Petroleum Institute Recommended Practice (API RP) 14E and are illustrative only. There are almost as many different formats for pipe, valve, and fip "" tables as there are companies, and these examples are in no manner ty or recommended. Often, for. simphcity, valve types are not described i pipe, valve, and fittings specifications but on separate sheets for each. ... 

The flowsheet shown in the introduction and that used in connection with a simulation (Section 1.4) provide insights into the pervasiveness of errors at the source, random errors are experienced as an inherent feature of every measurement process. The standard deviation is commonly substituted for a more detailed description of the error distribution (see also Section 1.2), as this suffices in most cases. Systematic errors due to interference or faulty interpretation cannot be detected by statistical methods alone control experiments are necessary. One or more such primary results must usually be inserted into a more or less complex system of equations to obtain the final result (for examples, see Refs. 23, 91-94, 104, 105, 142. The question that imposes itself at this point is how reliable is the final result Two different mechanisms of action must be discussed ... 

Problem description Figure 3.20 shows the flowsheet for BATCH1 example and Table 3.14 gives the scheduling data (reproduced from Chapter 2). 

These examples ask for the construction of flowsheets from the given process descriptions. Necessary auxiliaries such as drums and pumps are to be included even when they are not mentioned. Essential control instrumentation also is to be provided. Chapter 3 has examples. The processes are as follows ... 

Extractive Distillation Recovery of Isoprene. A typical flowsketch and material balance of distillation and solvent recovery towers for extracting isoprene from a mixture of cracked products with aqueous acetonitrile appears in Figure 13.26. A description of the flowsheet of a complete plant is given in Example 2.10. In spite of the fact that several trays for washing by reflux are provided, some volatilization of solvent still occurs so that the complete plant... 

The reactor modelling in flowsheeting has to supply a reliable description of the transformation of reactants into products, by-products and impurities. The stoichiometric approach is simple but sufficient for material balance purposes. In this example, the stoichiometric modelling needs to know (1) the conversion of the main reaction and (2) the selectivity of the secondary reaction. Hence, in a first attempt we can model the Reactor by a Stoichiometric Reactor model. 

The purpose of this chapter is twofold, firstly to introduce a methodology for equipment selection and secondly to describe the principal features of Filter Design Software (FDS). With respect to the former, a technique for preliminary equipment selection is presented and it is shown how an equipment list can be ranked to help refine further selection considerations. Descriptions of FDS illustrate how equipment selection, data analysis and equipment simulation procedures can be combined into computer software, a basic flowsheet is shown in Figure 5.1. Worked examples are given. 

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