Flow inclination number

The flow inclination number is zero for horizontal flow. 

The flow inclination number should be evaluated from equation (A8.15) above, arid the Figure to be used to obtain the correction factor (from Figures A8.3 to A8.5) is selected on the basis of the flow inclination number. If the static head change is small in comparison with the total upstream pressure, then the flow inclination number may be close to zero and Figure A8.3 can be used. In other cases, values of the correction factor may be read from the two graphs which bound the actual value of the flow inclination number, andl.the correction factor found by linear interpolation between the values. Flow inclination numbers higher than about 0.2 (as in Figure A8.5) are unlikely in practical relief systems. 

These are made up of a large number of wide, shallow blades with a very large inlet area relative to the wheel diameter. For equal duty the speeds are lower than other centrifugal fans. They are sometimes called multivane the operating efficiencies are in the 65-75% range. They consist of a large number of relatively small blades mounted on the impeller. The blade tips are inclined toward the direction of rotation. The actual flow rate can be 2.5 times as high as the same size backward-curved fan. 

The correlation of Akers, et. al., has given good results in some industrial designs. The authors report that some vertical and inclined tube data is also correlated on the same basis. The sharp break in the data occurs around a Reynolds number of 5 X lO as shown in Figure 10-75. The mass flow rate used to correlate is the arithmetic average of inlet and oudet liquid condensate and vapor flows ... 

Ad, with the view of bringing the vapors over as much space as possible, that in the course of which they might deposit the quicksilver. Each of those chamber s has an outlet, s, by which the condensed metal flows out into a receiver, m m, whence it is conducted by a conduit, , into the main tenk. They have likewise an aperture at the top, which la closed, as also that at the base, during the period that the furnace is working. The last chamber in the scries is usually furnished with a number of flanges, or inclined boards, which reach in a slanting direction almost to the oppo-eito wall, upon which a stream of water is continually... 

Recall that there is a fundamental scaling difference between the cylindrical wedge flow and the spherical inclined-disk flow. In the wedge flow, the Reynolds number is independent of r, whereas in the spherical case, the Reynolds number scales as /r. Thus, in the spherical case, there is a different Reynolds number at every radial position in the channel. In practice, a quantitative determination of the velocity profile is more complex in the spherical case. The nondimensional velocity profile must be determined at each radial position where the actual velocity profile is desired. 

Recently Yih (Y2) has given a detailed treatment of the stability of film flow on an inclined plane. Three cases are considered in detail small wave numbers (n), small Reynolds numbers, and large wave numbers. In the first case the results are in agreement with the results of Benjamin noted above, but for large wave numbers and zero surface tension, Benjamin s tentative conclusions are shown to be invalid. The stability curves are considered for film flows on vertical and sloped walls for liquids with and without surface tension. 

Calvert found that reentrainment from the baffles was affected by the gas velocity, the liquid-to-gas ratio, and the orientation of the baffles. Horizontal gas flow past vertical baffles provided the best drainage and lowest reentrainment. Safe operating regions with vertical baffles are shown in Fig. 14-112. Horizontal baffles gave the poorest drainage and the highest reentrainment, with inclined baffles intermediate in performance. Equation (14-228), developed by Calvert, predicts pressure drop across zigzag baffles. The indicated summation must be made over the number of rows of baffles present. 

This type of flow meter is normally used for water service, such as raw water supply and evaporator feed. The movable element is a circular disk which is attached to a central ball. A shaft is fastened to the ball and held in an inclined position by a cam or roller. The disk is mounted in a chamber which has spherical side walls and conical top and bottom surfaces. The fluid enters an opening in the spherical wall on one side of the partition and leaves through the other side. As the fluid flows through the chamber, the disk wobbles, or executes a nutating motion. Since the volume of fluid required to make the disc complete one revolution is known, the total flow through a nutating disc can be calculated by multiplying the number of disc rotations by the known volume of fluid. 

When < = 180°, the hot wall is horizontal and at the top there is no fluid motion and the Nusselt number has its pure conduction value. When = 0°, the hot wall is horizontal and at the bottom and the flow is unstable. However, the Rayleigh number for the aspect ratio considered is too low for this to occur and the conduction value for the Nusselt number is obtained at = 0°. However, inclining the enclosure by a small amount provides this trigger leading to a value of Nusselt number that is much higher than the conduction value, e.g., Nu is calculated to be 1 when = 0° and to be approximately 2.6 when when 0 = 1°. 

The heat transfer to supercritical carbon dioxide was measured in horizontal, vertical and inclined tubes at constant wall temperature for turbulent flow at Re-numbers between 2300 and lxl 05. The influence of the variation of physical properties due to the vicinity of the critical point was examined, as well as the influence of the direction of flow. Therefore most of the measurements were conducted at pseudocritical points. At those supercritical points the behaviour of the physical properties is similar to the behaviour at the critical point, but to a lesser degree. At such points the heat capacity shows a maximum density, viscosity and heat conductivity are changing very fast. [1]... 

Flow in horizontal tubes as well as inclined tubes can be studied at Pr-numbers from 0.8 to 22, Re-numbers up to 1.5x10s and Gr-number up to 8x10 . 

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