Flow battery design

Active materials are considered to be integrated as solids in the battery electrodes. Electrodes of the second kind and insertion electrodes are treated exclusively. Sometimes, it is believed [10] that this is the only way to arrive at practical battery designs. However, nowadays a continuous hybridization of the fuel cell type of design can be observed for conventional inorganic systems, e.g., dissolved active materials in flow cells, storage outside in a separate tank (especially for gaseous reactants) and so on. These versions will not be discussed in the present review, however, for they play no role for metal-free cells. 

Spanos C, Turney DE, Fthenakis V (2015) Life-cycle analysis of flow-assisted nickel zinc-, manganese dioxide-, and valve-regulated lead-acid batteries designed for demand-charge reduction. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 43 478-494. doi 10.1016/j.rser.2014.10.072... 

Er S, Suh C, Marshak MP, Aspum-Guzik A (2014) Computational design of molecules fra an all-quinone redox flow battery. Chem Sci. doi 10.1039/C4SC03030C... 

Gu S, Gong K, Yan EZ, Yan Y (2014) A multiple ion-exchange membrane design for redox flow batteries. Energy Environ Sci 7 2986. doi 10.1039/C4EE00165F... 

In the earlier studies, cells were designed specifically for each type of 3D electrode, but more recently 3D electrodes have been incorporated into conventional parallel plate cells and/or stacks. Often, the electrodes are fabricated from cloths or meshes rather than from thicker materials and, as a result, the current scaling is more modest but still significant. Cloth and felt electrodes within parallel plate cells are common in vanadium flow batteries. 

Design of undivided soluble lead-acid redox flow battery [52]. 

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS OF REDOX FLOW BATTERIES 4.1 THE CONFIGURATION OF REDOX FLOW BAHERIES... 

Shin SH, Yun SH, Moon SH. A review of current developments in non-aqueous redox flow batteries characterization of their membranes for design perspective. RSC Adv 2013 3 9095-116. 

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