Flexor Tenosynovitis

Schechter WP, Markison RE, Jeffrey REjr (1989) Use of sonography in the early detection of suppurative flexor tenosynovitis. J Hand Surg Am] 14 307-310 Schepsis AA, Jones H, Haas AL (2002) Achilles tendon disorders in athletes. Am J Sports Med 30 287-304 Scholten RR, Pillen S, Verrips A et al (2003) Quantitative ultrasonography of skeletal muscles in children normal values. Muscle Nerve 27 693-698... 

Fig. 10.33 a,b. Schematic drawings illustrate typical sites of overuse tendinopathies in the a dorsal and b ventral wrist, including Ay de Quervain tenosynovitis B, intersection syndrome C,extensor pollicis longus tenosynovitis, ),extensor carpi ulnaris tenosynovitis E, flexor carpi radialis tenosynovitis F, flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor digitorum profundus tenosynovitis Gy flexor carpi ulnaris tendinopathy... 

Fig. 10.45 a-c. Acute tenosynovitis of the flexor carpi radialis tendon, a Short-axis and (b) long-axis 12-5 MHz US images at the wrist demonstrate abnormal distension of the sheath of flexor carpi radialis tendon (fcr) by abundant hypoechoic fluid (asterisks), whereas the tendon echotexture is normal. Note the relationship of the flexor carpi radialis with the median nerve (MN), the flexor digitorum (ft) and the flexor poUicis longus (fpl) tendons, c Photograph of the same patient shows the mass effect (arrows) of tendon sheath effusion on the radial side of the ventral wrist... 

Fig. 10.54 a,b. Carpal tunnel syndrome in tenosynovitis of flexor tendons. Same case as illustrated in Fig. 10.53. a,b Transverse 12-5 MHz US images obtained a at the distal radius and b at the proximal carpal tunnel level. Note that an abundant anechoic effusion (asterisks) in the sheath of flexor tendon (ft) is better demonstrated at the distal radius rather than inside the carpal tunnel. This finding is related to a lesser degree of sheath compliance within the restricted space of the tunnel. In b, carpal tunnel disease is mostly indicated by the abnormal bulging of the transverse carpal ligament (arrowheads). MN, median nerve... 

In hand wounds, foreign bodies are a common cause of infection of the flexor tendon sheath. In infectious tenosynovitis, detection of an echogenic effusion can allow an early diagnosis in the proper clinical setting (Schechter et al. 1989 Jeffrey et al. 1987) (Fig. 11.36). In these cases, however, the... 

Annular pulleys can be damaged by either chronic micro trauma or acute injuries. Chronic repetitive movements of the finger may lead to stenosing tenosynovitis of the flexor tendons with thickening of the... 

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