Flexor carpi ulnaris

Ulnar Nerve, Medial Cord, Anterior Division, Lower Trunk, C8, Tl. 

Common tendon from medial epicondyle of humems, medial margin of olecranon, coronoid process, and upper two-thirds of the dorsal border of ulna. 

Volar surface of pisiform, hamate and fifth metacarpal. 

Two fingerbreadths volar to ulna (U) at the junction of the upper and middle thirds of the forearm. 

If the needle electrode is inserted too deeply it will be in the flexor 

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Active electrodes" enable measurement of very small potentials (example from an EMG recording of m. flexor carpi ulnaris). 

Flexor pronator (medial) group Supplied by the median and ulnar nerves, this group comprises of the pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris, and the flexor digito-rum superficialis. 

Flexor carpi ulnaris flexes the wrist and adducts the hand. 

In this work, it focuses on the wrist muscles which are the flexor carpi ulnaris (ECU) and extensor carpi radialis (ECR). This pair of antagonistic muscles was selected as they are the muscles responsible for the wrist movement. Typically the flexor and extensor muscles are used in the SEMG control application for prosthetic hand [8, 9]. 

Fig. 8.23. Normal ulnar nerve. Long-axis 12-5 MHz US image of the normal ulnar nerve obtained over the cubital tunnel with extended elbow. The relationships of the nerve (arrows) with the medial epicondyle (ME) and the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle (feu) are shown. The ulnar nerve exhibits a hypoechoic appearance and a fairly uniform thickness throughout the tunnel. The insert at the upper left side of the figure indicates probe positioning...

Fig. 8.64a,b. Snapping triceps syndrome. Schematic drawings of the posterior aspect of the elbow in a extension and b 90° flexion demonstrate the ulnar nerve (arrows) as it passes through the cubital tunnel and a prominent medial head (mh) of the triceps muscle (tin). Note the absence of the Osborne retinaculum when compared with Fig. 8.7c. With elbow flexion, the medial edge of the triceps (arrowheads) and the ulnar nerve move anterior to the tip of the epicondyle. T, distal triceps tendon /c , flexor carpi ulnaris...

The superficial layer of volar muscles consists of the flexor digitorum superficialis, the pronator teres, the palmaris longus, the flexor carpi radialis and the flexor carpi ulnaris (Fig. 9.2b,c). These muscles take their origin from a strong common tendon which arises from the medial epicondyle (see Chapter 8). The flexor digitorum superficialis, the largest muscle of the superficial layer, consists of three heads - humeral, ulnar and radial - which join at the proximal forearm and continue distally in four distal tendons that insert into the middle phalanx of the... 

On gray-scale US images, the ulnar and radial arteries are readily visible because of their pulsatil-ity. The main landmark for the radial artery is the lateral aspect of the flexor carpi radialis while the ulnar artery passes medial to the flexor carpi ulnaris (Fig. 10.23). More distally, the radial artery moves in a lateral position within the subcutaneous tissue, between the skin and the superficial aspect of the pronator quadratus (Fig. 10.24a). As it approaches the distal radius, this artery deepens to pass on the dorsal aspect of the wrist, within the anatomic snuff-box. Its palmar branch can be imaged in the subcutaneous tissue as a small hypoechoic pulsatile structure. Variations in size of the palmar branch are common and this vessel may also appear as large as the radial artery. The ulnar artery can be found in... 

Fig. 10.33 a,b. Schematic drawings illustrate typical sites of overuse tendinopathies in the a dorsal and b ventral wrist, including Ay de Quervain tenosynovitis B, intersection syndrome C,extensor pollicis longus tenosynovitis, ),extensor carpi ulnaris tenosynovitis E, flexor carpi radialis tenosynovitis F, flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor digitorum profundus tenosynovitis Gy flexor carpi ulnaris tendinopathy... 

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