Flavonol hyperoside

In general, the biological evaluation of hypericin in various test models is limited by its poor water solubility. It was shown in in vitro as well as in vivo studies (18,78) that the water solubility of hypericin was remarkably enhanced in the presence of procyanidins or flavonol glycosides of SJW extract. In a recent pharmacokinetic study in rats, it was shown that procyanidin B2 as well as hyperoside increased the oral bioavailability of hypericin by approximately 58% (B2) and 34% (hyperoside) (Fig. 5) (19). Procyanidin B2 and hyperoside had a different influence on the plasma kinetics of hypericin median maximal plasma levels of hypericin were detected after 360 minutes (Cmav 8.6 ng/mL) for B2, and after 150 minutes... 

Hydroxytyrosol (= 2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl) ethanol) (phenolic) Hyperoside (flavonol glycoside) Isoacteoside (phenylethanoid) Isochlorogenic acid b (=Caffee-tannin Quinic acid dicaffeoyl ester)... 

Quercetin 3-0-Gal (= Hyperin Hyperoside) (flavonol O-glycoside) Quercetin 3-0-Glc (= Isoquercetrin) (flavonol O-glycoside) Quercetrin (= 3,5,7,3, 4 -Pentahydroxyflavone 3-0-Rha Quercetin 3-0-Rha) (flavonol O-glycoside)... 

The flavonol quercetin and its glycoside derivatives, rutin, hyperoside, isoquercitrin, quercitrin, and the biflavones 13,118-biapigenin and amentoflavone are described as the most common in the drug extracts, Fig. (12). Recently, a detailed chemical study by on-line coupling of HPLC with UV, NMR and MS [63], allowed the determination of two other flavonoids in H. perforatum the quercetin-galacturonide and the quercetin-arabinoside. 

Fig. I6A A methanoiic extract of Lespedezae herba (4) contains more highly glycosidated flavonoids (R, range 0.05-0.35) such as kaempferol- and/or isorhamnetin-rhamno-glucoside and rutin (Tl). The EtAc extract (5,6) contains the enriched yellow zones of flavon-C-glyco.sides such as isoorientin (R, -- 0.S/T3), orientin (R, — 0.65/T3) overlapped by isovitexin, a.s well as flavonol-O-glycosides such as lespedin, hyperoside, isoquerdtrin and querdtrin (Rf 0.6-0.8).

Hypericum perforatum contains several flavonoids. The largest group of them are the common quercetin-based flavonol glycosides, hyperoside 42, rutin 41, quercitrin 39 and isoquercitrin 40 [85]. Among the aglycones, quercetin 38, kaempferol 43, luteolin 44 and myricetin 45 have been reported to occur [86]. Berghofer and Holzl found two biflavones in... 

Flavonol glycosides were detectable in the extract samples 1—4 as orange fluorescent zones below and above of chlorogenic acid ( =0.46 (T3=Hyperoside) 0.44 0.31). 

The extract samples 1-6 are characterized by a fairly homogeneous pattern of 6-8 blue fluorescent zones in the -range 0.15-0.80. In this I -range Mulberrosid A (Tl) can be identified at =0.30. The flavonoid Morin (T4) could be detected as blue-green fluorescent zone at =0.96. In the extract samples 2 and 6 the main constituents are hardly visible. The flavonol-glycosides Rutin (T2) and Hyperosid (T3) could be only detected in extract sample 8 (Folium Mori) which was chromatographed for comparison. The extract sample 7 (Cortex Mori), however, shows a blue fluorescent zone profile which is similar to that of Ramulus Mori. 

Bilberry consists of the dried ripe Ifuit of Vaccinium myrtillus, a dwarf shrub of the Ericaceae family. Dried bilberries contain 1-5% catechins, approximately 30% invert sugar, and small amounts of flavonol glycosides (e.g., astragalin, quercitrin, isoquercitrin, hyperoside), phenolic acids (e.g., caffeic and chlorogenic acids), and anthocyanins, particularly glycosides ofmalvidin, cyanidin, and delphinidin [30]. 

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