Flash point of organic compounds

K. Satyanarayana and P. G. Rao, Improved Equation to Estimate Flash Points of Organic Compounds, Journal of Hazardous Materials (1992), 32 81-85. 

T. Suzuki, K. Ohtaguchi and K. Koide, A method for estimating flash points of organic compounds from molecular structures, J. Chem. Eng. Jpn., 24, 258-261 (1991). 

Several attempts have been made to develop a general correlation for the estimation of closed cup flash points of organic compounds from their normal boiling points [6,7,8] using equations involving parabolic, hyperbolic and exponential functions. An equation containing an exponential function was used with the form ... 

Satyanarayana, K. and Rao, P.G. (1992) Improved equation to estimate flash points of organic compounds. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 32, 81-5. 

Flash points of organic and organometallic compounds, Stevenson, R. M., New York, Elsevier, 1987... 

Hash point measurements from the closed-cup method are quoted unless only data from the open-cup (oc) method are available. Data from Stephenson, R. M., Flash Points of Organic and Organometallic Compounds (New York Elsevier, 1987) Bond, J., Sources of Ignition (Oxford Butterworth, 1991). 

Some organic compounds can be in solution with water and the mixture may still be a flammable mixture. The vapors above these mixtures such as ethanol, methanol, or acetone can form flammable mixtures with air. Bodurtha [39] and Albaugh and Pratt [47] discuss the use of Raoult s law (activity coefficients) in evaluating the effects. Figures 7-52A and B illustrate the vapor-liquid data for ethyl alcohol and the flash point of various concentrations, the shaded area of flammability limits, and the UEL. Note that some of the plots are calculated and bear experimental data verification. 

Some fuel properties have long been known to be interrelated with chemical composition density and aromatic content, viscosity and distillation range, cetane number and aromatic content. Correlation studies applying various statistical computational methods revealed the contribution of chemical structural units of organic compounds to the various physical properties of hydrocarbon fluids, such as octane and cetane number, flash point, cloud point, etc. 

Reference As described by N. Y. Shebeko, A. V. Ivanov, and E. N. Alekhina, Calculation of Flash Points and Ignition Temperatures of Organic Compounds, Soviet Chem. Ind. 16(1984) I37I. 

The next simplest ether is actually the one most commonly referred to as "ether". It is diethyl ether, whose molecular formula is C H.OC H, sometimes written as (C H-l O. This ether is the compound that was widely used as an anesthetic in many hospitals. One of the hazards of all ethers, and particularly diethyl ether because of its widespread use, is that once ethers have been exposed to air, they possess the unique capability of adding an oxygen atom to their structure and converting into a dangerously unstable and explosive organic peroxide. The peroxide-forming hazard aside, diethyl ether has a flash point of -56°F and an ignition temperature of 356 F. It is a colorless, volatile liquid with the characteristic ether odor. In addition to its use as an anesthetic, it is useful in the synthesis of many other chemicals, but it is an extremely hazardous material. 

ETHENONE (463-51-4) Slowly hydrolyzes in water, releasing ammonia and forming acetate salts. This process is accelerated with heat in an acid or caustic environment. Reacts vigorously with water and a wide variety of organic compounds. Forms explosive compound when mixed with hydrogen peroxide. Can dimerize to diketene even at low temperatures diketene forms an explosive mixture with air (flash point 90°F/32°C). Reacts with ammonia, forming acetamide. Reacts violently with oxidizers, forming unstable and explosive diacetyl peroxides violent polymerization is possible. 

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