Flash Point FP

The lowest temperature of a flammable liquid at which it gives off sufficient vapor to form an ignitable mixture with the air near the surface of the liquid or within the vessel used. The flash point has been commonly determined by the open cup or closed cup method but recent research has yielded higher and lower flash points dependent on the surface area of the ignition source. Because of this aspect ASTM and other standard test methods have been recently withdrawn. They are under review until an adequate determination of a practical and comprehensive standard is composed and agreed upon. 

Common petroleum materials with some of the lowest flash points under normal conditions are listed 

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Flash point (FP) The flash point of a liquid is the lowest temperature at which it gives off enough vapor to form an ignitable mixture with air. At the flash point the vapor will burn but only briefly inadequate vapor is produced to maintain combustion. The flash point generally increases with increasing pressure. 

Flash Point (FP) - The minimum temperature of a liquid at which it gives off sufficient vapors to form an ignitable mixture with air immediately above the surface of the liquid or within the vessel used on the application of an ignition source under specified conditions. 

Somewhat higher than the LEP is the flash point (FP), the lowest (experimentally determined) temperature, which allows the vapour-air mixture to be ignited. 

As shown in Section 1.2, the vapour of a combustible liquid in thermal equilibrium with air can be ignited only at temperatures exceeding the flash point (FP). Table 1.5 summarizes the flash points (FP) for some combustible liquids. The propagation of flames in gas-air or vapour-air mixtures can be avoided by using joints with a defined ratio gap, w, w to flame path length,... 

Table 1.5 Flash points (FP) in °C (Celsius) and °F (Fahrenheit) of combustible liquids...

In Table 2.4, the linear dimensions of zone 1 and zone 2 are correlated to the filling rate and to the flash point (FP). Figures 2.1 and 2.2 show examples for the area classification according to TRbF [50]. 

Flash point (FP) is the lowest temperature at which a flammable liquid gives off sufficient vapor to ignite. 

Flash Point (FP) The lowest temperature at which the vapor of a substance will catch on fire, even momentarily, if heat is applied. Provides an indication of how flammable a substance is. 

Burns rapidly under ambient conditions Flash point (fp) <22.8 C and boiling point... 

Table 4.4 Boiling point (BP), flash point (FP), spontaneous ignition temperature (SIT), and smoke point (SP) of selected substances...

There are two main hazards associated with asphalt Fire and explosion hazards and health hazards associated with skin contact, eye contact, and/or inhalation of fumes and vapors. Most of the fire and explosion hazards associated with asphalt come from the vapors of the solvent mixed into the asphalt, not the asphalt itself The hazard is determined by the flammable or explosive nature of the solvent used and how fast it evaporates. The flash point (FP) of the asphalt and solvent mix will be higher than the FP of the solvent alone. Asphalt is combustible, typically with a FP of 204-288°C (400-550°F).The flash point—and therefore, the fire or explosion hazard— can be determined, in part, by the type of asphalt used.There are three types of cut asphalts. Rapid-curing asphalt (RC) is blended asphalt that has been cut with a low-flash (highly flammable) petroleum solvent. This low-flash solvent quickly evaporates, allowing the RC mixture to rapidly set and harden. Examples of solvents commonly used in RC mixtures include Benzene (FP=-11°C (12°F)), Dioxin (FP=27-32°C (81-90- F)), Naphtha (FP=42°C (107°F)),Toluene (FP=4°C (40°F)), and Xylene (FP=27-32°C (80-90°F)). Medium-curing asphalt (MC) is blended asphalt that has been cut with a solvent with a flash point over 170°F. Slow-curing asphalt (SC) is blended asphalt that has been cut with a low-flash oil having a flash point of over 12 PC (250 F). 

Yes, we have made some approximations and will need to make a few more, mainly in the assumption that air remains an ideal gas up to about 100 atm, but this method is sufficiently accurate to show that the diesel compression can raise the temperature above the flash point (FP) of most fuels. The FP of a liquid is the minimum temperature at which the vapor of the liquid will form an ignitable mixture with air and for cetane/hexadecane, the CRC Handbook [8] reports this as 136°C, well below a temperature easily reached in diesel engines. 

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