Flame added

CA 31, 2010(1937) [in a primer provided with an anvil there is a layer of a relatively small quantity of a sensitive priming expl (such as compns contg MF orLA)and a layer of less sensitive expl consisting of an oxidizer ( such as Ba nitrate) and fuel (such as Pb thiocyanate, ferrosilicon, or cellulose acetate). Such primers produce hot flame] Ad 30)... 

Combined NO and NH Doped Methane Flames. Adding both NO and NH3 to methane-air flames provides the opportunity to enhance the reducing effect of the NHi + NO reactions. Typically the flames are doped with NO concentrations far in excess of the equilibrium concentrations consequently we see NO concentrations which are appreciably reduced by the NH3 addition. 

In practice, it is best to purify a quantity, say one Winchester quart bottle, of technical 0 720 ether to cover the requirements of a group of students. The Winchester quart of ether is divided into two approximately equal volumes, and each is shaken vigorously in a large separatory funnel with 10-20 ml. of the above ferrous solution diluted with 100 ml. of water. The latter is removed, the ether transferred to the Winchester bottle, and 150-200 g. of anhydrous calcium chloride is added. The mixture is allowed to stand for at least 24 hours with occasional shaking. Both the water and the alcohol present are thus largely removed. The ether is then filtered through a large fluted filter paper into another clean dry Winchester bottle (CAUTION all flames in the vicinity must be... 

Dissolve 1 g. of the secondary amine in 3-5 ml. of dilute hydrochloric acid or of alcohol (in the latter case, add 1 ml. of concentrated hydrochloric acid). Cool to about 5° and add 4-5 ml. of 10 per cent, sodium nitrite solution, and allow to stand for 5 minutes. Add 10 ml. of water, transfer to a small separatory funnel and extract the oil with about 20 ml. of ether. Wash the ethereal extract successively with water, dilute sodium hydroxide solution and water. Remove the ether on a previously warmed water bath no flames should be present in the vicinity. Apply Liebermann s nitroso reaction to the residual oil or solid thus. Place 1 drop or 0 01-0 02 g. of the nitroso compovmd in a dry test-tube, add 0 05 g. of phenol and warm together for 20 seconds cool, and add 1 ml. of concentrated sulphuric acid. An intense green (or greenish-blue) colouration will be developed, which changes to pale red upon pouring into 30-50 ml. of cold water the colour becomes deep blue or green upon adding excess of sodium hydroxide solution. 

The reaction may be more easily controlled and the chlorosulphonic acid added all at once if the acetanilide is employed in the form of a hard cake. The latter is prepared by melting the acetanilide in the flask over a free flame and causing the compound to solidify over the lower part of the flask by swirling the liquid. If the reaction becomes too vigorous under these conditions, cool the flask momentarily by immersion in an ice bath. 

Steam distillation.—For small quantities of compounds, which are readily volatile in steam, water may be added to the contents of the reaction flask (e.g. Figs. XII, 2,4 and XII, 2, 11) and the flask heated in an air bath or with a small flame. Alternatively, if preferred, steam may be passed into the reaction flask from a separate generator this may consist of a small conical flask provided with the usual safety tube (compare Fig. II, 40, 1). 

Historically, the first spectroscopic studies involved characterizing the emission of visible light from the sun, from flames, and from salts added to flames. Our survey of spectroscopy, however, begins with absorption because it is the more important technique in modern analytical spectroscopy. 

Pentaerythritol is used in self-extinguishing, non dripping, flame-retardant compositions with a variety of polymers, including olefins, vinyl acetate and alcohols, methyl methacrylate, and urethanes. Phosphoms compounds are added to the formulation of these materials. When exposed to fire, a thick foam is produced, forming a fire-resistant barrier (see Elame retardants) (84—86). 

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