Pipes and fittings

Flow of Fluids tliroiigli Valves, Fittings, and Pipe, Tech. Pap. 410, Crane Co., 1969. 

The various items of equipment in the production facility are connected hy valves, fittings, and piping to enable and control flow from one piece of equipment to another. Chapter 9 of Volume 1 discusses factors governing the choice of line size and wall thickness. This chapter describes the various types of valves and fittings commonly used in production facilities and presents some common piping details and specifications. 

Maximum allowable working pressure MAWP) Highest pressure to which the system can be subjected during operation. Thus, pressure is established by a relief device set pressure and must be less than or equal to the material strength limitations of equipment. This pressure e.stabli.sh-es piping class for fittings and pipe wall thickness requirements, both of which are discussed in Volume 1. 

Crane Co. Engineering Div. Technical Paper No. 410, Flow of Fluids Through Valves, Fittings and Pipe, 1976. 

CHURCHILL, S. W. Viscous Flows The Practical Use of Theory in Fluid Flow (Butterworth, London, 1988). Crane Technical Paper No. 410. Flow Through Valves, Fittings and Pipes. 14th printing (Crane. New York, 1974). 

Crane Company. Flow of fluids through valves, fittings, and pipe. Tech Manual 410. New York Crane Co, 1991. 

Assume fully developed turbulent flow to determine the friction factor for the pipe and the excess head loss terms for the fittings and pipe entrances and exits. The Reynolds number can be calculated at the completion of the calculation to check this assumption. Sum the individual excess head loss terms to get 2 Kf. 

Other high-pressure fittings and piping devices to be mentioned, which are available up to... 

Crane, Flow of Fluids through Values, Fittings, and Pipe, Technical Paper no. 410,... 

FIGURE 5.23 Expansion factor for square-edged orifice and nozzle or venturi meter (a) k= 1.3, (b) k= 1.4. (From Crane Co., Flow of Fluids through Valves, Fittings, and Pipe, Technical Manual 410, Crane Co., New York (1978).)... 

REMOTE CONDENSER LOCATION INCREASES LINE LENGTH,NUMBER OF FITTINGS AND PIPE DIAMETER. 

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